2/24 UWORLD test # 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Q 1. Describe what feature of HIV viral replication results in antigenic variation in each cycle. How host immune response against virus is affected?

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2
Q

Q 1. What is fate of viral envelope protein after each replication cycle. Does it has immunogenecity?

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3
Q

Q 2. Neural tube defect: what abnormality during embryonic development results in anencephaly? what about spina bifida?

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4
Q

Q 2. failure of neural tube formation (by closure of neural pore) results in release of what two proteins?
( these two proteins can be used for screening)

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5
Q

Q 2. Failure of neural crest migration results in what disease?

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6
Q

Q 3. Cystic fibrosis

  • mutated gene? what chromosome?
  • what is exact mutation? what does it do to normal gene product?
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7
Q

Q 3. What is pathophysiology of Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease?

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8
Q

Q 4. Inheritance pattern of PKU?

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9
Q

Q 7. What are clinical presentations of gallstone ileus? How is it different from presentations of gallstone in other locations (eg. biliary tree, common bile duct)

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10
Q

Q 7. What commonly causes gall stone ileus?

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11
Q

Q 7. What is Charcot triad of cholangitis?

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12
Q

Q 8. patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery stenosis.
What three medications are normally indicated in this situation? What are reasons?

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13
Q

Q 9. How does leptin affects level of POMC (proopiomelanocortin)?

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14
Q

Q 10. IgA deficiency is associated with what GI disease?

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15
Q

Q 11. What is the strongest predictor for suicide?

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16
Q

Q 13. What are two amino acids that are purely ketogenic? (That is, they do not get converted to pyruvate, rather enter TCA cycle right away)

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17
Q

Q 14. Where are common sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis? What conditions (2) cause it?
How is it affect bone?

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- conditions: Beta thalassemia (chipmunk face due to maxillary bone outgrowth), and Rubella (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis-> blue berry muffin )
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18
Q

Q 14. What is cobalmin?

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19
Q

Q 16. What is common pulmonary complication of systemic sclerosis? Pathophysiology?

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20
Q

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for upward traction on the medial fragment of fractured clavicle?
(Think about what is attached to clavicle)

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21
Q

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for downward traction on lateral fragment of fractured clavicle?

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22
Q

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for holding the medial fragment of fractured clavicle?

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23
Q

Q 19. Anatomy: Define where puncture should be done during thoracentesis

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24
Q

Q 19 Anatomy: Should thoracentesis be done above or below the border of ribs? why?

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25
Q

Q 20. Explain physiology of antiviral actions by interferons. How does it ensure specificity to viral?

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26
Q

Q 23. Nevirapine

  • mechanism of action
  • side effects (4)
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27
Q

Q 24. Describe role of each below during base excision repair

  • glycosylase
  • endonuclease
  • lyase
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28
Q

Q 25. What two vitamins does enteric bacteria produce?

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29
Q

Q 27. Anatomy: iliohypogastric nerve- where does it innervate?

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30
Q

Q 27. Anatomy: ilioinguinal nerve- where does it innervate?

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31
Q

Q 29. Fluticasone

  • mechanism of action
  • indication
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32
Q

Q 30. Norephinephrine works on which receptors (2)?

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33
Q

Q 30. Describe how stimulation of adrenergic beta-1 and beta-2 result in different outcome

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34
Q

Describe SMOOTH muscle contraction/ dilation

what signaling cascades?

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  • smooth muscle contraction

- smooth muscle dilation

35
Q

Q 29. Theophylline

  • mechanism of action
  • indication
  • side effects
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36
Q

Q 35. HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)

- What would be renal presentation?

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37
Q

Q 36. Stable angina: what medications should be started to prevent adverse cardiovascular events?

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38
Q

Q 36. Cliostazol

  • mechanism of action
  • indication
  • side effects
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39
Q

Describe how increasing cAMP causes smooth muscle dilation

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Increased cAMP is main effect by Beta 2- adrenergic receptor stimulation
: Increased cAMP will cause reduction of MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) activity -> more relaxation

40
Q

Q 38. Pseudomonas

  • what is toxin?
  • mechanism of action of this toxin?
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41
Q

Q 38. Bordetella pertussis

  • What are two toxins?
  • mechanism of action of these two toxins?
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42
Q

Q 39. Gout vs. pseudogout

  • What is accumulating?
  • bifringement finding?
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43
Q

Q 39. Unilateral arthritis with previous medial history of polycythemia vera. What is going on?

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44
Q

Q 40. Arthritis with elevated serum ACE level. What is diagnosis?

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