2/24 UWORLD test # 23

Question 1

Q 1. Describe what feature of HIV viral replication results in antigenic variation in each cycle. How host immune response against virus is affected?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Q 1. What is fate of viral envelope protein after each replication cycle. Does it has immunogenecity?

Answer 2

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Question 3

Q 2. Neural tube defect: what abnormality during embryonic development results in anencephaly? what about spina bifida?

Answer 3

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Question 4

Q 2. failure of neural tube formation (by closure of neural pore) results in release of what two proteins?
( these two proteins can be used for screening)

Answer 4

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Question 5

Q 2. Failure of neural crest migration results in what disease?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Q 3. Cystic fibrosis

• mutated gene? what chromosome?
• what is exact mutation? what does it do to normal gene product?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Q 3. What is pathophysiology of Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Answer 7

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Question 8

Q 4. Inheritance pattern of PKU?

Answer 8

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Question 9

Q 7. What are clinical presentations of gallstone ileus? How is it different from presentations of gallstone in other locations (eg. biliary tree, common bile duct)

Answer 9

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Question 10

Q 7. What commonly causes gall stone ileus?

Answer 10

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Question 11

Q 7. What is Charcot triad of cholangitis?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Q 8. patient with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery stenosis.
What three medications are normally indicated in this situation? What are reasons?

Answer 12

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Question 13

Q 9. How does leptin affects level of POMC (proopiomelanocortin)?

Answer 13

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Question 14

Q 10. IgA deficiency is associated with what GI disease?

Answer 14

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Question 15

Q 11. What is the strongest predictor for suicide?

Answer 15

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Question 16

Q 13. What are two amino acids that are purely ketogenic? (That is, they do not get converted to pyruvate, rather enter TCA cycle right away)

Answer 16

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Question 17

Q 14. Where are common sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis? What conditions (2) cause it?
How is it affect bone?

Answer 17

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- conditions: Beta thalassemia (chipmunk face due to maxillary bone outgrowth), and Rubella (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis-> blue berry muffin )
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Question 18

Q 14. What is cobalmin?

Answer 18

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Question 19

Q 16. What is common pulmonary complication of systemic sclerosis? Pathophysiology?

Answer 19

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Question 20

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for upward traction on the medial fragment of fractured clavicle?
(Think about what is attached to clavicle)

Answer 20

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Question 21

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for downward traction on lateral fragment of fractured clavicle?

Answer 21

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Question 22

Q 18. Anatomy: what structure is responsible for holding the medial fragment of fractured clavicle?

Answer 22

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Question 23

Q 19. Anatomy: Define where puncture should be done during thoracentesis

Answer 23

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Question 24

Q 19 Anatomy: Should thoracentesis be done above or below the border of ribs? why?

Answer 24

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Question 25

Q 20. Explain physiology of antiviral actions by interferons. How does it ensure specificity to viral?

Answer 25

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Question 26

Q 23. Nevirapine - mechanism of action - side effects (4)

Answer 26

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Question 27

Q 24. Describe role of each below during base excision repair - glycosylase - endonuclease - lyase

Answer 27

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Question 28

Q 25. What two vitamins does enteric bacteria produce?

Answer 28

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Question 29

Q 27. Anatomy: iliohypogastric nerve- where does it innervate?

Answer 29

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Question 30

Q 27. Anatomy: ilioinguinal nerve- where does it innervate?

Answer 30

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Question 31

Q 29. Fluticasone - mechanism of action - indication

Answer 31

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Question 32

Q 30. Norephinephrine works on which receptors (2)?

Answer 32

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Question 33

Q 30. Describe how stimulation of adrenergic beta-1 and beta-2 result in different outcome

Answer 33

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Question 34

Describe SMOOTH muscle contraction/ dilation | what signaling cascades?

Answer 34

- smooth muscle contraction | - smooth muscle dilation

Question 35

Q 29. Theophylline - mechanism of action - indication - side effects

Answer 35

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Question 36

Q 35. HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) | - What would be renal presentation?

Answer 36

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Question 37

Q 36. Stable angina: what medications should be started to prevent adverse cardiovascular events?

Answer 37

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Question 38

Q 36. Cliostazol - mechanism of action - indication - side effects

Answer 38

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Question 39

Describe how increasing cAMP causes smooth muscle dilation

Answer 39

Increased cAMP is main effect by Beta 2- adrenergic receptor stimulation : Increased cAMP will cause reduction of MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) activity -> more relaxation

Question 40

Q 38. Pseudomonas - what is toxin? - mechanism of action of this toxin?

Answer 40

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Question 41

Q 38. Bordetella pertussis - What are two toxins? - mechanism of action of these two toxins?

Answer 41

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Question 42

Q 39. Gout vs. pseudogout - What is accumulating? - bifringement finding?

Answer 42

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Question 43

Q 39. Unilateral arthritis with previous medial history of polycythemia vera. What is going on?

Answer 43

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Question 44

Q 40. Arthritis with elevated serum ACE level. What is diagnosis?

Answer 44

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