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CCNP SPVI > 2-2 - Troubleshoot Core IGP > Flashcards

2-2 - Troubleshoot Core IGP Flashcards

1
Q

Why do most service providers tend to use OSPF or IS-IS as their IGP?

A
  • EIGRP is Cisco proprietary and may hinder interoperability with other vendors.
  • MPLS TE requires the help of a link-state protocol, and EIGRP is a hybrid distance vector protocol.
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2
Q

Describe the overall operation of OSPF.

A
  • upon initialization, or due to a change in routing info, the router generates a link-state advertisement (LSA). This is a collection of all link states on the router.
  • all routers exchange link states by flooding. Each router that receives a link-state update stores a copy in its link-state database (LSDB) and then propagates the update to other routers.
  • After the database of each router is complete, the router calculates the shortest path tree to all destinations, using the Dijkstra algorithm. The destinations, associated cost, and next-hop to reach those destinations form the IP routing table
  • If no changes in OSPF network occur, OSPF should be quiet.
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3
Q

T/F: All routers within an area have different LSDBs.

A

False

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4
Q

T/F: Flooding and calculation of Dijkstra’s algorithm on a router is limited to links within an area.

A

True

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5
Q

Why do modern networks typically use single-area designs?

A

Modern networks typically use single-area designs since they allow for simplified MPLS TE designs and newer hardware capabilities make CPU power and memory resources less of a concern than they were in the past.

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6
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: backbone area

A
  • carries all the routing info
  • all other areas must directly connect to the backbone area
  • contiguious area
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7
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: regular area

A
  • nonbackbone areas that directly connect to area 0
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8
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: stubby area

A
  • areas that do not originate or receive any external routes
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9
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: totally stubby area

A
  • areas do not originate (redistribution from other protocols) or receive any external routes or summaries (only the default route)
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10
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: not-so-stubby area (NSSA)

A
  • can originate external routes (redistribution from other protocols), but they do not receive them from other OSPF areas
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11
Q

Describe the following OSPF area type: totally not-so-stubby area (Totally NSSA)

A
  • can originate external routes (redistribution from other protocols), but they do not receive them from other areas
  • these areas also do not receive summaries (only the default route)
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12
Q

Describe the following OSPF router type: internal router

A
  • routers with all their interfaces configured in the same area
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13
Q

Describe the following OSPF router type: backbone router

A
  • internal routers within area 0
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14
Q

Describe the following OSPF router type: ABR

A
  • area border router
  • belongs to multiple areas and connects these areas to the backbone area.
  • ideal design: each ABR connect to two areas only. the backbone area and another area (with 3 areas being the upper limit)
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15
Q

Describe the following OSPF router type: ASBR

A
  • autonomous system boundary router
  • connects the OSPF area to a different routing administration (e.g. BGP, EIGRP, etc.)
  • the point where external routes can be redistributed into OSPF
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16
Q

IOS-XR command:
router ospf [process ID]

A
  • enters OSPF router configuration mode
  • process ID is only locally significant
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17
Q

IOS-XR command:
router ospf [process ID] area [area #] interface [interface]

A
  • enters the area subconfig and enables an interface for OSPF in that area
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18
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
router ospf [process ID]

A
  • enters OSPF router configuration mode
  • process ID is only locally significant
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19
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
network [network address] [wildcard mask] area [area #]

A
  • within the OSPF subconfig, this command is used to match on networks in order to enable associated interfaces for OSPF within the specified area
  • this is a legacy method for configuring this
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20
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
ip ospf [OSPF process id] area [area #]

A
  • within interface subconfig, this command is used to enable OSPF on the interface in the specified area
  • this is a new way of configuring it, introduced in IOS 12.3(11)T and all IOS-XE releases
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21
Q

Describe what this OSPF route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
O

A
  • OSPF intraarea route
  • networks within the are of the router
  • advertised by means of type 1 (router) and type 2 (network) LSAs
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22
Q

Describe what this OSPF route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
O IA

A
  • OSPF interarea route (summary)
  • networks outside of the area of the router but within the OSPF autonomous system
  • advertised by means of summary (type 3) and summary ASBR (type 4) LSAs
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23
Q

Describe what this OSPF route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
O E1

A
  • OSPF external type 1 route
  • networks outside of the OSPF autonomous system of the router
  • advertised by means of external LSAs (LSA type 5)
  • adds the costs on links inside the OSPF network to the cost of the external link (more accurate)
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24
Q

Describe what this OSPF route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
O E2

A
  • OSPF external type 2 route
  • networks outside of the OSPF autonomous system of the router
  • advertised by means of external LSAs (LSA type 5)
  • has the cost of the external link no matter how many links it passes through in the internal network (less accurate)
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25
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show ospf

A
  • verify the OSPF routing protocol
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26
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show ospf interface

A
  • verify OSPF interface information
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27
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show ospf neighbor

A
  • verify OSPF neighbors
28
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show route ospf

A
  • verify OSPF routes learned by the router in the IP routing table
29
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show protocols

A
  • verify configured IP routing protocol processes
30
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show ospf database

A
  • verify OSPF LSDB
31
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip ospf

A
  • verify the OSPF routing protocol
32
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip ospf interface

A
  • verify OSPF interface information
33
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip ospf neighbor

A
  • verify OSPF neighbors
34
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip route ospf

A
  • verify OSPF routes learned by the router in the IP routing table
35
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip protocols

A
  • verify configured IP routing protocol processes
36
Q

IOS/IOS-XE command:
show ip ospf database

A
  • verify OSPF LSDB
37
Q

What OSI Layer is IS-IS implemented at?

A

Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)

38
Q

Name the RFC and ISO standards for Integrated IS-IS.

A

RFC 1195 and ISO 10589

39
Q

T/F: Level 1 routing occurs across multiple IS-IS areas.

40
Q

T/F: Level 1 and Level 2 adjacencies can from between routers in the same area.

41
Q

T/F: Only level 2 adjacencies can form between routers in different areas

42
Q

Describe a Level 1 IS-IS router.

A

routes within an IS-IS area

43
Q

Describe a Level 2 IS-IS router.

A

Learns the locations of Level 1 routing areas and builds an inter-area routing table.

44
Q

IOS-XR Command:
router isis [process ID]

A
  • enters IS-IS router configuration mode
  • process ID is only locally significant
45
Q

IOS-XR Command:
net [NET value]

A
  • within the ISIS subconfig mode, configure the Network Entity Title (NET) for this intermediate system
46
Q

IOS-XR Command:
address-family ipv4 unicast

A
  • enter the IPv4 AF subconfig mode for ISIS
47
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
router isis [process ID]

A
  • enters IS-IS router configuration mode
  • process ID is only locally significant
48
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
net [NET value]

A
  • within the ISIS subconfig mode, configure the Network Entity Title (NET) for this intermediate system]
49
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
ip router isis [process ID]

A
  • in interface subconfig mode, this command enables ISIS on the interface
50
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show isis interface

A
  • displays the interfaces that you enable for IS-IS
51
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show isis neighbors

A
  • displays the IS-IS neighbors that the system recognizes
52
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show isis topology

A
  • displays the Level 1 and Level 2 topology tables, which show the least-cost IS-IS paths to the intermediate systems
53
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show isis database

A
  • displays the contents of the IS-IS LSDB
54
Q

IOS-XR Command:
clear isis process

A
  • to force IS-IS to refresh its LSDB and recalculate all routes
55
Q

IOS-XR Command:
show isis database [LSP_ID] detail

A
  • displays the detailed contents of each IS-IS LSDB and the prefixes that advertise for a specified routing process
56
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show ip protocols

A
  • show IPv4 routing protocol processes that are configured and running on the router
57
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show ip route isis

A
  • show the routing table entries that were learned via ISIS
58
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show isis neighbors

A
  • displays the IS-IS neighbors that the system recognizes
59
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show isis topology

A
  • displays the Level 1 and Level 2 topology tables, which show the least-cost IS-IS paths to the intermediate systems
60
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show isis database

A
  • displays the contents of the IS-IS LSDB
61
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
clear isis

A
  • to force IS-IS to refresh its LSDB and recalculate all routes (you can use an asterisk [*] to clear all IS-IS processes)
62
Q

IOS/IOS-XE Command:
show isis database [LSP_ID] detail

A
  • displays the detailed contents of each IS-IS LSDB and the prefixes that advertise for a specified routing process
63
Q

Describe what this IS-IS route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
i L1

A
  • IS-IS learned, Level 1 route
64
Q

Describe what this IS-IS route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
i L2

A
  • IS-IS learned, Level 2 route
65
Q

Describe what this IS-IS route abbreviation in the RIB represents:
i su

A
  • IS-IS learned, summary route

CCNP SPVI (59 decks)

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