2 Flashcards
Hydroxylation leads to what?
- solubilization and secretion
(i.e. turning off RA signalling)
RA promotes a ——- feedback loop for Cyp26A1
negative feedback
where increased RA signaling leads to increased CYP26A1 expression, which in turn degrades RA, thus counteracting the initial increase in RA levels
what type of receptor is Lgr5?
- Orphan GPCR receptor (leucine rich)
what does Lgr5 do?
- probably bonds to R-spondin
- Promotes Wnt (B-catenin) signalling (create more ASCs)
- found in the crypt base of the small intestine
what is floxing?
Floxing is the introduction of specific sequences, on either side of a targeted gene, that can lead to deletion of sequences in the presence of CRE recombinase
what does Tamoxifen do?
a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is a medication used to treat and prevent breast cancer by blocking the effects of estrogen on hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells
Characteristics of GPCRs
- 7TM receptors
- stimulated by light, sugars, peptides, proteins, lipids
- involved in:
- feeding
- fight
- flight
- reproduction
Myh6 promoter is only in —-?
The Heart
what is a conditional knock out?
Allow for the gene to be inactivated only in specific cells or tissues, or at a specific time
What is so bad about KrasG12D?
KrasG12D is a mutant form of the KRAS gene, which encodes a GTPase involved in cell signaling pathways that regulate growth, differentiation, and survival.
The G12D mutation refers to a substitution of glycine (G) with aspartic acid (D) at codon 12, causing the protein to become constitutively active—meaning it stays “on” even when it shouldn’t be.
MMTV (Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus) promoter is expressed in
Expressed in mammary glands and hormone-responsive tissues like the uterus and prostate due to its regulation by steroid hormones.
what does CRISPR- cas9 Stand for ?
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
what does CRISPR require/use?
- part of prokaryotic “acquired” immune system
-requires a CRISPR-associated enzyme (Cas9)
-requires “guide” RNA (sgRNA)
Spacers are what kind of DNA?
Viral DNA
How does CRISPR work? (STEPS)
- part of foreign DNA is incorporated into CRISPR locus (spacer)
- transcription leads to pre-CRISPR RNA (guides)
- Cas effector proteins use guides to silence foreign DNA
what are indels?
insertions and deletions
What is a Cre driver?
A “Cre driver” is a transgenic mouse line expressing the Cre recombinase enzyme under the control of a specific promoter, allowing for targeted gene manipulation
