17

Question 1

where is Nrf2 when it is inactive?

Answer 1

the cytosol

Question 2

Nrf2 and levels of apoptosis?

Answer 2

Nrf2 helps to reduce oxidative stress, which lowers the likelihood of apoptosis by maintaining cellular redox balance.

Question 3

Hydrophobic and Hydrophillic Antioxidants

Answer 3

Hydrophobic:
- Vit E
- Carotene
- Coenzyme Q

Hydrophillic:
- Glutathione
- Vit c
- Uric Acid

Question 4

Does ROS causes Nrx to be in S-S or SH-SH state of the protein?

Answer 4

ROS promote the S-S state by oxidizing cysteine residues, which helps stabilize Nrf2 and prevent its degradation.

Question 5

What is Trx (Nrx) and Prx induced by ?

Answer 5

Nrf2

Question 6

Altering Gene Expression using si/shRNAs (STEPS)

Answer 6

Knocking DOWN genes:

• dicer proteins clevaes DS-RNAs (hairpin loop/shRNAs)

** Bought siRNAs miss out on Dicer processing

• Dicer activates RISC (cleaves siRNAs)
• SS-RNA finds target
• transcriptionm is blocked or message is degraded (Gene is NOT KO)

Question 7

what does RISC stand for?

Answer 7

RNA - Induced silencing complex

Question 8

What activates RISC

Answer 8

DICER

Question 9

what cleaves siRNA and shRNAs?

Answer 9

Dicer = ShRNAs
RISC = siRNAs

Question 10

how do we knock down genes?

Answer 10

using RNA-interference

Question 11

why use shRNAs ?

Answer 11

they are preserved longer in cells compared to siRNAs as they are not cleaved yet (require more processing = more time to analyze)