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Question 1

what is LKB1?

Answer 1

major tumor supressor (kinase regulator)

Question 2

Outer segments of photoreceptors is a what?

Answer 2

modified primary cilium (non motile)

Question 3

Defects in primary cilia =?

Answer 3

ciliopathies

Question 4

what does Bafilomycin (BafA1) do?

Answer 4

blocks fusion b/n autophagosome & lysosome (inhibits V-ATPase)

Question 5

Does Hh bind to Smo?

Answer 5

no Hh binds to Patched

Question 6

—–gene is expressed in Notochord &
Neural Tube

Answer 6

Shh

Question 7

what does cyclopamine do?

Answer 7

Cyclopamine inhibits the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway by blocking Smoothened (Smo),

• reduced Gli activation
• impaired autophagy-related signaling,
• altered ULK1 activation and mTORC1 activity.

Question 8

what is DIG (Digoxigen)?

Answer 8

digoxigenin is a molecule used as a labeling agent for nucleic acids in techniques like in situ hybridization

It allows detection through antibodies that specifically bind to the digoxigenin tag, enabling visualization of gene expression or DNA/RNA sequences.

Question 9

what is the ZPA and its function?

Answer 9

The ZPA (Zone of Polarizing Activity) is a region in the posterior part of the limb bud that regulates limb development by secreting Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), which patterns the anterior-posterior axis of the limb.

Question 10

Cells that make Shh are — responsive?

Answer 10

RA