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Question 1

Wat is het HBT model in safety science

Answer 1

Hazard-Barrier-Target
You put a barrier between the hazard and the target to interrupt the development of the scenario
So the barrier is after the exposure and vulnerability

Question 2

Wat is het Swiss cheese model

Answer 2

Each layer of Swiss cheese represents a barrier. Holes in the cheese represent vulnerabilities. If the holes in all layers align, the hazard passes through, leading to an accident or loss. That’s why it is important to have multiple layers

Question 3

Wat is het verschil tussen de event en fault tree analysis

Answer 3

Fault focusses on the causes
Event focusses on the consequences

Question 3

Wat is een bow tie

Answer 3

= Fault tree + Event tree
= Causes + Consequences + Barriers

Question 4

Wat is de Fault tree analysis

Answer 4

A method used to figure out all the possible causes that could lead to a specific problem or failure, starting with the problem and working down. It uses a diagram with logical gates (like AND/OR) to show how different issues combine to cause the failure
For example no lights, causes could be lights burned out or no voltage

Question 4

Wat is de event tree analysis

Answer 4

A method used to analyze the possible consequences of an event by mapping out different scenarios in a step-by-step tree diagram

Question 5

Waaruit bestaat risk management

Answer 5

Identify
Evaluate
Treat
Monitor
First two are risk assesment

Question 5

Waaruit bestaat reactive barriers

Answer 5

Recovery barrier: Focus on fixing or stopping the issue to regain control and prevent further escalation.
Example: A fire extinguisher used to put out a small fire or automatic brake
Mitigation Barriers: Focus on reducing the impact or damage if the issue can’t be fully controlled.
Example: A sprinkler system that limits fire damage while waiting for firefighters or airbag

Question 5

Welke soort barriers zijn er in een bow tie

Answer 5

Proactive / preventive barriers to prevent the undesirable event always left side
Reactive / protective barriers to limit the consequences always right side

Question 5

Wat is identification van risk management

Answer 5

Identification of all possible risk scenarios taking different phases (idea, design, production) into account

Question 5

Wat is evaluation van risk management

Answer 5

Objective evaluation of the risk for all identified scenarios
Estimation of probability
Estimation of consequences
Taking the context into account
You can use the risk matrix for this
High risk – Must be reduced
Marginal risk – Reduce as low as reasonably practicable
Low risk – Negligible risk region

Question 5

Wat is monitoring van risk management

Answer 5

Continuously controlling, checking, supervising,… and adjusting if necessary

Question 5

Welke 5 inherent safety strategies zijn er

Answer 5

1: Elimination: Physically remove the hazard
2: Minimization: Using smaller quantities of hazardous substances
3: Substitution: Replace a material with a less hazardous substance
4: Moderation: Use less hazardous conditions, a less hazardous form
of the material or facilities that minimize the impact of a release
5: Simplification: Design facilities that eliminate unnecessary complexity and make operating errors less likely to occur

Question 5

Wat is risk management

Answer 5

A systematic, structured & continuous process of identifying and evaluating risks, and implementing measures to control the risks

Question 5

Wat is een voorbeeld voor alle inherent safety strategies:

Answer 5

1: Elimination: Remove old machinery that leaks chemicals
2: Minimization: Reducing the amount of flameble substances
3: Substitution: Switching from toxic paint to non toxic paint
4: Moderation: Switching from old plants that work with high pressure to new plants that work on low pressure
5: Simplification: redesign the process to eliminate complexity and errors

Question 5

Wat zijn voorbeelden van risk reduction en wat is de hierarchy of controls

Answer 5

Eliminate source: eliminate dangerous animal
Remove tareget: eliminate people from the animal
Isolate the source: Build a fence around the animal
Isolate the target: Protect the target with equipment
Hierarchy of controls: the lower the less effective

Question 5

What are risk assesment techniques

Answer 5

Qualitative and/or quantitative
What-if, Fault tree analysis (FTA)
Standardized methods

Question 5

Wat is risk treatment van risk management

Answer 5

You need to take a decision so is the risk acceptable or do you need to take measures

Question 5

How can you control the risk for risk treatment

Answer 5

1. Avoiding the risk
   * Not developing / deploying the innovation
   * Innovations receiving a high degree of
   resistance
   * Not In Anybody’s BackYard (NIABY)
2. Transferring the risk
   * Replacing the risk to someone/somewhere
   else (e.g. relocating)
   * Not In My BackYard (NIMBY)
3. Risk acceptance / risk retention
   * Insurance (contractual transfer)
   * Compensation (e.g. bonuses for high-risk jobs)
4. Risk reduction
   * Establish a shift in the risk matrix
   * Proactive measures > Influence the probability
   * Reactive measures > Influence the impact Link with bow-tie!

Question 5

Wat is safe by design

Answer 5

Encouraging designers to rethink and re-evaluate their initial design choices to ensure safety is integrated from the very beginning
Try tom make new innovation for safety instead of using current technologies that is the difference with inherent safety

Question 5

Wat is inherent safety

Answer 5

The focus on changing the process at an early stage to eliminate hazards, rather than developing add-on features to control them
Example safety glass becasue it eliminates the hazard in the early stages instead of adding features to prevent them