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UWORLD first pass- week 3 > 2/17 UWOLRD test # 17 > Flashcards

2/17 UWOLRD test # 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Q 1. What is pyknosis?

A

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2
Q

Q 1. What is karyorrhexis?

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3
Q

Q 1. What is Nissl substance of neuron?

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4
Q

Q 2. Describe normal embryological development of midgut.

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5
Q

Q 2. Compare umbilical hernia vs. omphalocele/gastroschisis:

  1. gross difference
  2. what embryological process is messed up
A
  1. Gross difference
  • Umbilical hernia: protrusion around umbilicus, covered by skin
  • Omphalocele: protrusion of guts, covered by peritoneum (NOT SKIN as umbilical hernia)
  • Gastroschisis: protrusion of guts, not covered by peritoneum (NOT SKIN as umbilical hernia)
  1. Defective embryological process
    - Umbilical hernia: incomplete closure of umbilical ring (umbilical ring is normally closed after returning)
    - Omphalocele/Gastroschisis: failure of lateral fold closure
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6
Q

Q 2. Three diseases that are associated with umbilical hernia?

A

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7
Q

Beckwith-Widedemann syndrome:

  1. phenotypes (4)
  2. gene mutated/ chromosome location
A 
-phenotypes
1.
2.
3.
4.
  • gene mutated/ chromosome location:
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8
Q

Q 4. What is special in pulmonary circulation? How does this feature contribute to reduction of tissue necrosis by PE?

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9
Q

Q 5. First line medication for gestational hypertension?

FA p. 247

A

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10
Q

Q 5. Clonidine: what is it? 3 indications

FA p.247

A

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11
Q

Q 6. Pneumocysitis jivrocii: what two general conditions do I need to consider?

A
  1. HIV
  2. SCID

Pneumocysitis jivrocii is opportunistic infection: normally asymptomatic, but becomes more symptomatic in immunocompromised patients

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12
Q

Q 6. What is terminal complement deficiency? Recurrent infection to what pathogen is common?

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13
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease will have increased susceptibility to get infection from what species?
( Remember mnemonics?)

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14
Q

Q 7. What immune cells respond to Candida? (local vs. systematic) What cells are involved in candidal antigen skin test detect? what immune hypersensitivity mechanism?

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15
Q

Q 7. What is Anergy?

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16
Q

Q 9. Describe pathway of catchecholamine synthesis, starting from what amino acid, each metabolite, and enzyme. what is rate limiting step?

A

  • Rate limiting step:
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17
Q

Q 11. Which pathogen causes hydatid cyst? What does it transmit? Complication?

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18
Q

Q 12. Case control study: what is the theme? what are you looking for and how is it performed? What is control group?

A

CASE= OUTCOME
with known outcome (disease), you wanna find out the frequency of exposure. So you have two groups (with disease and without disease), and measure the frequency of exposure within each group to compare.

Thus control group should be non-disease group with or without exposure. Within this control group, presence of exposure will be measured and compared to experimental group (disease group)

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19
Q

Q 13. Increased salivary amylase, parotid gland enlargement, erosion of dental enamel. What is going on?

A

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20
Q

Q 14. Arginase deficiency

  1. which metabolism pathway?
  2. phenotypes (2)
A

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21
Q

Q 15. Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

  1. its function
  2. neuronal pathway
A

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22
Q

Q 20. In which ovarian cancer will hirsutism develop? what cell type is origin for this cancer?

A

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23
Q

Q 20. What is Schiller- Duval bodies? In which ovarian cancer will you see it?

A

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24
Q

Q 20. Which ovarian cancer show fried egg cells in histology?

A

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25
Q

Q 20. Which ovarian cancer will show Psomma bodies?

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26
Q

Q 22. Gram negative bacili that grows on alkaline media. What is this pathogen?

A

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27
Q

Q 24. Rupture of which artery will result in subdural hematoma? Clinical characteristic of subdural hematoma?

A

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28
Q

Q 24. Rupture of which artery will result in epidural hematoma? Clinical characteristic of epidural hematoma?

A

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29
Q

Q 25. Concentric ventricular hypertrophy vs. Eccentric ventricular hypertrophy.

  • pathophysiology
  • examples
A

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30
Q

Q 26. Neurofibromatosis type 1

  1. Affected gene/ chromosome
  2. Inheritance pattern
  3. clinical presentations/ associations (6) - FA. 495
A

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31
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 2

  1. Affected gene/ chromosome
  2. clinical presentations /associations (4) - FA 71
A

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32
Q

Q 27. Pathophysiology of increased incidence of cholelithiasis in pregnant or women taking OCP?

A

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33
Q

Q 28. What conditions can induce acute renal TUBULAR necrosis?

A

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34
Q

Q 28. Acute tubular necrosis- maintenance phase

  1. How many days after initiation phase?
  2. abnormalities?
A

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35
Q

Q 28. Acute tubular necrosis- recovery phase

  1. How many days after maintenance phase?
  2. abnormalities?
A

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36
Q

Q 29. Other than >5 min continuous seizure, what another epileptic condition is also considered as status epilepticus

A

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37
Q

Q 29. What is treatment regimen for status epilepticus

2 drugs, in what order, why

A

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38
Q

Q 29. phenobarbital vs. BDZ- compare mechanism of action

A

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39
Q

Q 29. Ethosuximide: mechanism of action?

A

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40
Q

Q 30. Anatomy: ureter is right anterior to which vessel? It travels anteriorly to which muscle?

A

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41
Q

Q 31. Anatomy: which vessel runs posteriorly to duodenum?

A

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42
Q

Q 31. Anatomy: Describe how splenic artery runs

  • where is it branch off?
  • what structure (anterior? posterior?) is nearby splenic artery as it runs to spleen?
  • what blood vessel branch off from splenic artery
A

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43
Q

Q 31. Anatomy: gastric arteries- from what artery do these gastric arteries branch off?

  • left gastric
  • right gastric
  • left gastroepiploic
  • right gastroepiploic
A
  • left gastric
  • right gastric
  • left gastroepiploic
  • right gastroepiploic
44
Q

Q 32. Best treatment of severe hypoglycemia

  • medical setting:
  • non medical setting:
A

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45
Q

Q 32. What are symptoms of severe hypoglycemia (3)? what about mild hypoglycemia (3)?

A
  • mild hypoglycemia

- severe hypoglycemia

46
Q

Q 33. What is the most effective medication for post-operation/ chemotherapy vomiting? what is the MOA for this medication? why this action helps for chemotherapy induced vomiting? side effects?

A

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47
Q

Q 33. What is metoclopramide? MOA? indications? side effects?

A

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48
Q

Q 34. Where is location of chest tube insertion? which muscle needs to be dissected?

A

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49
Q

Q 35. Which cell has long telomere? why is this?

A

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50
Q

Q 36. Which step in Krebs cycle generates GTP?

  • reactant/ product
  • enzyme
A

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51
Q

Q 38. What is choroid plexus? where is it located? What is its function? How does it contribute to blood-CSF barrier

A

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52
Q

Q 39. What is negri bodies?

A

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53
Q

Q 39. How do clinical presentations of Lewy body dementia are different from Alzheimer disease?

A

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54
Q

Q 40. Baclofen

  1. indications
  2. mechanism of action
  3. side effects
A

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55
Q

Q 40. symptom of trigeminal neuralgia? How is this different from cluster headache? What is first line medication for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

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UWORLD first pass- week 3 (4 decks)

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