2/12 lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what are expenditures

A

everything that is produced must be consumed or spent by someone in some fashion

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2
Q

what are the four expenditures

A

consumption by HH or frms, investment by domestic furms, consumption/investment by govnt, and net exports

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3
Q

what are the three personal consumption expenditures

A

1)nondurables
2)durables)
3)services

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4
Q

what are non durables

A

like food and clothing

produce what you can, consume what you have (last three years)

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5
Q

what are durables

A

furniture, electronics, and cars

machines household vs. firms capital

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6
Q

what are services

A

education, healthcare, transport and banking

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7
Q

why are durables the most volatile

A

because they are non essentials buying it during recession will be put off

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8
Q

consumption function is

A

various factors that influence consumer sending

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9
Q

what are the factors that influence consumer spending

A

1)current income (increase)
2)accumulated nominal wealth/net worth (increase)
3)interest rates (decrease)

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10
Q

what happens to consumption when interest rates rise

A

it decreases

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11
Q

what does income do to consumption

A

buy and consume more, also translates to wealth

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12
Q

from the view of the government why it is important to anticipate consumers response to an increase in their income and net worth

A

for optimal policy design

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13
Q

what are the three gross provate domestic investment

A

1)non residential
2)residential
3)change in private inventories

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14
Q

example of non residential (domestic investment)

A

computers, machines

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15
Q

residential examples (domestic investment)

A

apartment houses

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16
Q

change in provate inventories (domestic investment)

A

cars, clothes

17
Q

what is the investment fucntion

A

various factors that influence investment spending

18
Q

what are the various factors that influence investment spending

A

1)consumer demand (Increase) demand good so forms will invest more
2) access to finance (increase) problem for firms b/c tey don’t sit on money
3)interest rates (decrease) = invest more

19
Q

what are the three types of government expenditures

A

1)interest: expenditures associated with servicing accumulated debt
2)mandatory: dictated by prior law
3)discretionary: voted on in the annual appropriate process

20
Q

what are the various factors that influence government soending

A

1) debt increase
2) unemployment (increase)
3) population againg (increase)

upward pressure on govnt expenditures

21
Q

how do most econpmist feel about international trade

A

they like it

22
Q

closed economy

A

both exports and imports are assumed to be zero

23
Q

open economy is

A

alow for non zero exports and imports

24
Q

tariffs make foreign goods more or less expensive

A

more

25
Q

what are the various factors that influence net exports

A

1) exchange rate (EX dec IM inc)
2)tariffs (EX dec IM dec)
3)taste for variety (EX inc IM inc)
4)specialization (EX inc IM inc)

EX = export
IM- import

26
Q

trade off

A

a decision featuring two or more competing options

27
Q

opportunity cost

A

foregone benefits, nominal or real, associated with a particular choice when an alternate choice is made

28
Q

absolute advantage

A

ability to perform a particular task more effectively/at a lower absolute cost

29
Q

comparative advantage

A

ability to perform a particular task at a lower opportunity cost

30
Q

what is autarky

A

no trade

31
Q

what happens when a country runs a trade surplus/deficit

what happens to that currecny

A

whoever has a surplus accumulates the other country’s currency

1)currency stays abroad unused
2)currency circulates as money abroad
3)currency is used to invest in its country of origin (use it to buy bonds or capital)

32
Q

US assets

A

foreign assets held by/within US

33
Q

US ‘liabilities’

A

US based assets held abroad

34
Q

is a persistently negative current account a problem

A

not necessarily, but it can be if it is a symptom of a persistent gov. deficit