1ST QUARTER FLASHCARDS
Looking for various features and information of the text (such as titles and subtitles, visuals, and graphs). (Reading Strategy)
Previewing
Looking for the main point of the reading and identify the ideas. (Reading Strategy)
Skimming
Reading rapidly in order to find specific facts or information. (Reading Strategy)
Scanning
These are words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar or difficult word that can help you define the meaning of it as the text gives you information and details. (Reading Strategy)
Context Clues
5 types of context clues
Synonym, Antonym, Examples, Explanations, and Situations
It is used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word. (Context Clue)
Synonym
It is used to reveal the opposite meaning to the unknown word. (Context Clue)
Antonym
These are specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of the word. (Context Clue)
Examples
It gives reasons and additional information to describe an unknown term. (Context Clue)
Explanations and Definitions
These are used to contextualize a text as a word may change depending on its context. (Context Clue)
Situations
It is the basic, precise, and literal meaning of the word that can be found in a dictionary.
Denotation
It describes a word or words with an association of feelings and attitude.
Connotation
It describes a word or words with an association of feelings and attitude.
Connotation
It is a method design used to generate ideas. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Brainstorming
It is used to write down your thoughts nonstop. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Freewriting
It is a summary that gives essential features of a text. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Topic Outline
It has longer entries and is expressed in complete sentences. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Sentence/Reading Outline
It is getting and collecting ideas from different informational resources. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Researching
It is a visual and graphic display that is used to classify and categorize information. (Pre-Writing Strategy)
Graphic Organizer
3 purposes or aim of a piece of writing
to inform, to persuade, to entertain
Aside from purpose, what are the 4 other contexts of a text?
Thesis Statement, Audience, Point of View, and Tone
It is when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. (During Writing Strategy)
Drafting
It is when you systematically organize the ideas to ensure their logical connection. (During Writing Strategy)
Structuring
It is a response to the written work which focuses on all aspects of writing. (Post Writing Strategy)
Feedbacking
It focuses on ideas, relevance, organization, and accuracy. (Post Writing Strategy)
Revising
It focuses on grammar, mechanics, and spelling. (Post Writing Strategy)
Editing
4 Properties of a Well-written Text
Organization, Coherence and Cohesion, Language Use, Mechanics
How is Organization achieved?
When ideas, incidents, evidence, or details are logically and accurately arranged in a paragraph or essay.
Difference of Cohesion and Coherence
Cohesion refers to the flow and connection of ideas at the sentence level and the use of transitional/cohesive devices.
Coherence refers to the unity of the ideas, sentences, and paragraphs in a text. It is seen at the conceptual level through well-defended arguments and organized points.
How is Language Use achieved?
When appropriate words and/or phrases is used in writing based on the level of formality.
How is Mechanics achieved?
When the technicalities (e.g. grammar, spelling, tense, punctuation marks, etc.) of the structure is correct.
The first mode is the art of story-telling ; creating a world based on the writer’s imagination and memory.
Narration
4 characteristics of Narration
- Vivid Description of Details
- Consistent Verb Tense
- Well - Defined Point or Significance
- Consistent Point of View
It is a technique writers utilize to add flavor and enrich the meaning of their story. With these devices, an author can shorten, lengthen, and/or focus on a particular event in the story.
Narrative Devices
6 Narrative Devices
Anecdotes, Flashback, Time Stretch, Time Summary, Flash-forward, and Dialogue
Second mode that aims to make a vivid description of an idea, object, location, etc. to firmly set its appearance and visualize it.
Description
Use of ________ is very important in description.
adjective
3 characteristics of Description
- Has clear focus and sense of purpose
- Uses sensory details and precise words
- Presents details in a logical order
2 varieties of Description and their difference
Objective Description investigates factual and scientific characteristics. Subjective Description is a sort of description that the author would normally use to “paint a picture”.
Third mode that understands the essence of a word, term, idea, or concept. It controls the meaning and scope of terms by working generalizations to specific terms/concepts.
Definition
2 concepts of definition and their difference
Denotation represents the literal meaning of the concept from the dictionary, and Connotation is based on personal impression, perspective, experience from context.
10 techniques of Definition
Analysis, Collocation, Comparison, Contrast, Etymology, Exemplification and Illustration, Extended Definition, Function, Negation, Synonyms
Fourth mode with the main purpose is to give examples to better understand the concept.
Exemplification/Classification
The fourth mode makes the abstract examples into _____ examples.
concrete
4 techniques of Exemplification/Contrast
Facts, Observations, Anecdote, Details
The fifth mode that shows the similarities/difference in concepts.
Comparison and Contrast
5 techniques of comparison and contrast
Analogy, Simile, Metaphor, Oxymoron, and Personification
The sixth mode that sees the relationship and action between events.
Cause and Effect
It analyzes the root of what happened and how it happened.
Causal Analysis
3 categories of cause and effect
Informative (explains), Persuasive (convinces), and Speculative (suggests)
Propter hoc, ergo propter hoc ; Believes that the first thing will always be the root of the effect.
Faulty Causality
The seventh mode that investigates the problem and examines the solution using supporting evidence.
Problem-Solution
Structure of Problem-Solution
Introduction - Identify the problem - Offer the solution - Justify solution - Conclusion
Proposals are _________ by purpose.
speculative
The last mode that convinces readers to agree to an agreement or claim about a particular topic.
Persuasion
3 types of appeal
logos, pathos, and ethos
3 types of audiences
supportive, wavering, and hostile
