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CRIM 2 > 1st Notes > Flashcards

1st Notes Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.

A

Theory

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2
Q

It is a formal idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain [how and why] something happens.

A

Theory

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3
Q

Someone who develops an abstract idea or set of ideas about a particular subject in order to explain

A

Theorists

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4
Q

Is the act of causing or producing an effect or a result.

A

Causation

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5
Q

These theories are categorized within a paradigm called positivism (also known as determinism).

A

Biological Theory

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6
Q

crime attempt to explain behaviors contrary to societal expectations through examination of individual characteristics

A

Biological Theory

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7
Q

Physiognomy comes from the Greek word “physis” meaning _________, and “gnomon” meaning_________

A

Nature,
to judge or to interpret

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8
Q

It refers to the evaluation of a persons personality and character through an examination of that persons outward appearance.

A

Physiognomy Theory

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9
Q

a philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who lived during the period around 500 BCE may have been one of the first to advocate this practice, known as physiognomy.

A

Pythagoras

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10
Q

was a proponent of physiognomy, as were many other ancient Greeks.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

first criminologist, examined patients during his medical practice and concluded that appearance and character were related. His book entitled “On Physiognomy”.

A

Giambattista della Porta

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12
Q

a swiss pastor who published his painstakingly detailed study of “facial fragments” in 1783.

A

Johann Kaspar Lavater

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13
Q

He concluded that one could determine criminal behavior through an examination of a person`s eyer, ears, nose, chin, and facial shape.

A

Johann Kaspar Lavater

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14
Q

relate nature of the crime to personality of the individual or suggested a link between crime and physical appearance in his handbook on “Criminal Anthropology”.

A

Jacob Fries

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15
Q

Phrenology comes from the Greek word “phren” meaning _______, “logos” meaning _________

A

Mind,
Knowledge

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16
Q

a German neuroanatomist and physiologist who pioneered study of the human brain as the source of mental faculties, developed the practice of cranioscopy, a technique by which to infer behaviors and characteristics from external examination of the skull

A

Franz Joseph Gall

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17
Q

German physician and student of Gall, actually coined the term phrenology to replace cranioscopy.

A

Johann Kaspar Spurzheim

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18
Q

He also expanded the map of the brain organs, developed a hierarchical system of the organs, and created a model “phrenology bust” that depicted the location of the brain organs.

A

Johann Kaspar Spurzheim

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19
Q

He was the first to connect crime to human evolution.

A

Cesare Lombroso

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20
Q

developed his Physique Theory in his book “Physique and Character” published in 1921

A

Ernst Kretschmer

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21
Q

Usually commits crime known as petty theft and fraud.

A

Asthenic Type

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22
Q

Usually commits violent crimes.

A

Athletic Type

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23
Q

Usually commits deception, fraud, violence.

A

Pyknic Type

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24
Q

Usually commits an offense against decency and morality.

A

Dysplastic or Mixed Type

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25
Q

His first influential publication, “Crime and the Man” (1939), documented his study of 14,000 prisoners and 3,000 nonprisoner controls in 10 states.

A

Earnest Hooten

26
Q

He argued that the only way to solve crime was by eliminating people who were morally, mentally, or physically “unfit”, or by segregating them in an environment apart from the rest of society.

A

Earnest Hooten

27
Q

in 1940`s, developed and tested his classification system, known as Somatotyping.

A

William Sheldon

28
Q

Have a higher proportion of Digestive Tissue; and have a Viscerotonic Temperament. More likely to be mentally ill.

A

Endomorphs

29
Q

Have a higher proportion of Muscular tissue; and have a Dionysian Temperament. More likely to engage crime.

A

Mesomorphs

30
Q

Have a higher proportion of Nervous tissue; and have a Cerebrotonic Temperament. More likely to commit suicide.

A

Ectomorphs

31
Q

First proposed the idea that genetics and evolution both contribute to many human qualities including personality.

A

Charles Darwin

32
Q

propounded his Theory of Evolution in book On the Origin of Species published in 1859 which theorized that pangenesis explained the persistence of traits from one generation to the next.

A

Charles Darwin

33
Q

He discussed transmission and development in his laws of inheritance, arguing that cells within bodies shed “gemmules” that carried specific traits from the parent organism to the subsequent generation.

A

Charles Darwin

34
Q

Who is the Father of Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

35
Q

Who developed the Theory of Eugenics in 1883.

A

Francis Galton

36
Q

encourages the reproduction of the “more fit” which means that good or intelligent people are more favored to produce children.

A

Positive Eugenics

37
Q

discourages reproduction of the “less fit” which means that epilliptic, feebleminded couple or people are not allowed to produce children.

A

Negative Eugenics

38
Q

published his study entitled, “The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity” in 1877

A

Richard Dugdale

39
Q

published his study entitled “The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness”

A

Henry H. Goddard

40
Q

He also introduced the term Moron.

A

Henry H. Goddard

41
Q

He discovered the descendants of Edwards presided over the New York Prison Commission which housed many of the Juke Descendants

A

Albert Edward Winship

42
Q

conducted as follow-up about Jukes, and in 1916 published his research entitled “The Jukes in 1915”.

A

Arthur H. Estabrook

43
Q

Is about people and focuses on the study of the human mind and behavior.

A

Psychology

44
Q

referred to as Criminological Psychology which is the study of wills, thoughts, intentions, and reactions of criminals and all that partake in the criminal behavior.

A

Criminal Psychology

45
Q

It also called “Forensic Psychiatry”

A

Criminal Psychiatry

46
Q

refers to criminal intent. The literal translation from Latin is “guilty mind.”

A

Mens Rea

47
Q

The plural of mens rea is ________

A

Mentes reae

48
Q

the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

A

Juxtaposition

49
Q

refers to the state of mind statutorily required in order to convict a particular defendant of a particular crime

A

Mens Rea

50
Q

refers to the act or omission that comprise the physical elements of a crime as required by statute.

A

Actus reus

51
Q

It includes only a voluntary affirmative act, or an omission , causing a criminally proscribed result.

A

Actus reus

52
Q

provides service – such as determination of competency to stand trial – to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment like medications and psychotherapy to criminals.

A

Forensic psychiatrist

53
Q

is a sub-specialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry.

A

Forensic Psychiatry

54
Q

Criminal Psychologist also known as__________

A

Forensic psychologist

55
Q

It is centered on the notion that an individual`s early childhood experience influences his or her likelihood for committing future crimes.

A

Psychodynamic Theory

56
Q

Have expanded the work of Gabriel Tarde through behavior modeling and social learning.

A

Behavioral Theory

57
Q

It suggests that an individual`s perception and how it is manifested affect his or her potential to commit crime.

A

Cognitive Theory

58
Q

Refers to the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states.

A

Psychodynamics

59
Q
  • Refers to the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states.
A

Criminal Etiology

60
Q

The history of Criminology dates back from the works of criminological thinkers or theorists.

A

Crime Causation Theories

CRIM 2 (5 decks)

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