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PSYCHIA 2 > 1ST BM RECALLS > Flashcards

1ST BM RECALLS Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately how many percent of patients treated with any antipsychotic achieve remission?

None of the above
70 percent
30 percent
100 percent

A

100 percent

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2
Q

He compiled data to support the idea that schizophrenia occurred more often among persons
with asthenic (i.e., slender, lightly muscled physiques), athletic, or dysplastic body types rather than
among persons with pyknic (i.e., short, stocky physiques) body types

Adolf Meyer
Karl Jaspers
Ernst Kretschmer
Kurt Schneider

A

Ernst Kretschmer

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3
Q

He was interested in the phenomenology of mental illness and the subjective feelings of patients with mental illness. His work paved the way toward trying to understand the psychological meaning of schizophrenic signs and symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations

Kurt Schneider
Ernst Kretschmer
Karl Jaspers
Adolf Meyer

A

Karl Jaspers

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4
Q

the founder of psychobiology, saw schizophrenia as a reaction to life stresses. It was a maladaptation that was understandable in terms of the patient’s life experiences

Adolf Meyer
Karl Jaspers
Ernst Kretschmer
Kurt Schneide

A

Adolf Meyer

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5
Q

Recent studies have also demonstrated that nicotine may decrease positive symptoms such as
hallucinations in schizophrenia patients by its effect on nicotine receptors in the brain that reduce
the perception of outside stimuli, especially noise. In that sense, smoking is a form of selfmedication

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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6
Q

This neurotransmitter has been implicated because of its role in causing the prominent anhedonia (the impaired capacity for emotional gratification and the decreased ability to experience
pleasure) seen in Schizophrenia.

Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA

A

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

It has a regulatory effect on dopamine activity, and the loss of its inhibitory activity could lead to
the hyperactivity of dopaminergic neurons

Substance P
GABA
Serotonin
Norepinephrine

A

GABA

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8
Q

He/she postulated that schizophrenia resulted from developmental fixations early in life. These
fixations produce defects in ego development, and he postulated that such defects contributed to
the symptoms of schizophrenia

Harry Stack Sullivan
Paul Federn
Margaret Mahler
Sigmund Freud

A

Sigmund Freud

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9
Q

He/she hypothesized that the defect in ego functions permits intense hostility and aggression to
distort the mother–infant relationship, which leads to eventual personality disorganization and
vulnerability to stress

Margaret Mahler
Harry Stack Sullivan
Paul Federn
Sigmund Freud

A

Paul Federn

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10
Q

He/she viewed schizophrenia as a disturbance in interpersonal relatedness. The patient’s
massive anxiety creates a sense of unrelatedness that is transformed into parataxic distortions,
which are usually, but not always, persecutory

Sigmund Freud
Paul Federn
Margaret Mahler
Harry Stack Sullivan

A

Harry Stack Sullivan

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11
Q

He/she describes Schizophrenia as resulting from distortions in the reciprocal relationship between the infant and the mother. The child is unable to separate from, and progress beyond, the closeness and complete dependence that characterize the mother–child relationship in the oral phase of development. As a result, the person’s identity never becomes secure

Margaret Mahler
Harry Stack Sullivan
Sigmund Freud

A

Margaret Mahler

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12
Q

A hypothetical family in which children receive conflicting parental messages about their
behavior, attitudes, and feelings.

Pseudomutual and pseudohostile families
Expressed emotion
Double bind
Schism and skewed families

A

Double bind

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13
Q

Parents or other caregivers may behave with overt criticism, hostility, and overinvolvement
toward a person with schizophrenia.
With this dynamic relapse rate for schizophrenia is high

Double bind
Pseudomutual and pseudohostile families
Expressed emotion
Schism and skewed families

A

Expressed emotion

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14
Q

In such families, a unique verbal communication develops, and when a child leaves home and
must relate to other persons, problems may arise. The child’s verbal communication may be
incomprehensible to outsiders

Double bind
Pseudomutual and pseudohostile families
Schism and skewed families
Expressed emotion

A

Pseudomutual and pseudohostile families

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15
Q

The Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (DRAs) are effective when approximately how much of
dopamine D2 receptors in the brain are occupied?

72%
62%
52%
None of the above

A

72%

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16
Q

A potentially fatal side effect of Dopamine Receptor Anatagonist (DRA) treatment that can occur
at any time during the course of treatment

Seizure
None of the above
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Orthostatic Hypotension

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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17
Q

Blockade of histamine H1 receptors is the usual cause of sedation
associated with DRAs

True
False

A

True

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18
Q

Side effect mediated by adrenergic blockade and occurs most frequently during the first few days of treatment. Tolerance often develops for this side effect, which is why initial dosing of these drugs is lower than the usual therapeutic dose

Seizure
None of the above
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Orthostatic Hypotension

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

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19
Q

Both men and women taking DRAs can experience anorgasmia and decreased libido.

True
False

A

True

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20
Q

Severely agitated and violent patients, regardless of diagnosis, may be treated with DRAs.

True
False

A

True

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21
Q

About two thirds of agitated, elderly patients with various forms of dementia improve when given
a DRA

True
False

A

True

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22
Q

DRAs may lower the seizure threshold. Low-potency drugs are thought to be more epileptogenic than are high-potency drugs

True
False

A

True

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23
Q

Central Anticholinergic Effects of DRAs include

all of the above
disorientation to time, person, and place
severe agitation
hallucinations

A

all of the above

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24
Q

The term atypical is used because these drugs differ in their side effect profiles, most notably a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), and have spectra of action that are broader than those of the DRAs

True
False

A

True

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25
Q

Where the Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (SDAs) differ from older antipsychotic drugs is their
higher ratio interactions with serotonin receptor subtypes, most notably the 5-HT2A subtype, as well
as with other neurotransmitter systems.

True
False

A

True

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26
Q

About 10 percent of patients with schizophrenia exhibit outwardly aggressive or violent behavior, and the SDAs are effective for treatment of such aggression.

True
False

A

True

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27
Q

Risperidone and Olanzapine have been used to control aggression and self-injury in children.

True
False

A

True

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28
Q

Which of the following is not a First-Generation Antipsychotic?

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Fluphenazine decanoate
Risperidone

A

Risperidone

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29
Q

Which of the following is not a Second-Generation Antipsychotic?

Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Levomepromazine
Clozapine

A

Levomepromazine

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30
Q

In Shared Psychotic Disorder, the individual who first has the delusion (the primary case) is often chronically ill and typically is the influential member of a close relationship with a more suggestible person (the secondary case) who also develops the delusion

True
False

A

True

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31
Q

The delusion that a familiar person has been replaced by an impostor.

Intermetamorphosis
None of the above
Capgras syndrome
Cotard syndrome

A

Capgras syndrome

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32
Q

Shared psychotic disorder may be a type of schizophrenia, a type of mood disorder, or the simultaneous
expression of each

True
False

A

True

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33
Q

Type of schizophrenia characterized by a marked regression to primitive, disinhibited, and unorganized behavior.

Residual
Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic

A

Disorganized

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34
Q

Type of schizophrenia characterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent
auditory hallucinations.

Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Residual

A

Paranoid

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35
Q

Type of schizophrenia characterized by continuing evidence of the schizophrenic disturbance in the absence of a complete set of active symptoms or of sufficient symptoms to meet the diagnosis of another type of schizophrenia.

Residual
Catatonic
Disorganized
Paranoid

A

Residual

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36
Q

ype of Schizophrenia marked by disturbance in motor function; this disturbance may involve stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, or posturing.

Residual
Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic

A

Catatonic

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37
Q

Derailment or loose associations is an example of.

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

A

Disorganized speech

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38
Q

Resistance to instructions or negativism is an example of.

Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech

A

Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

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39
Q

Diminished emotional expression is a

Positive psychotic symptom
Negative psychotic symptom

A

Negative psychotic symptom

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40
Q

Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or a degradation in the recollection
of pleasure previously experienced.

Alogia
Asociality
Avolition
Anhedonia

A

Anhedonia

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41
Q

Decrease in motivated, self-initiated purposeful activities.

Avolition
Alogia
Anhedonia
Asociality

A

Avolition

42
Q

Diminished speech output

Alogia
Anhedonia
Avolition
Asociality

A

Alogia

43
Q

Lack of interest in social interactions.

Anhedonia
Asociality
Alogia
Avolition

A

Asociality

44
Q

Which of the following antipsychotic medications is a long-acting injectable preparation.

Quetiapine
Clozapine
Fluphenazine decanoate
Amisulpride

A

Fluphenazine decanoate

45
Q

In Schizophreniform disorder, most estimates of progression to schizophrenia range between 60
and 80 percent

True
False

A

True

46
Q

Norman Cameron described seven situations that favor the development of delusional disorders. These include

an increased expectation of receiving sadistic treatment
situations that increase distrust and suspicion social isolation
all of the above

A

all of the above

47
Q

Risks associated with Delusional Disorder

Recent immigration
All of the above
Advanced age
Family history

A

All of the above

48
Q

Good prognostic features for Brief Psychotic Disorder

Family history of Schizophrenia
None of the above
Severe precipitating stressor Insidious onset of symptoms

A

Severe precipitating stressor

49
Q

Pathognomonic sign of Schizophrenia

Delusions
Hallucinations
None of the above
Disorganized speech

A

None of the above

50
Q

Clozapine has a number of side effects that make it a difficult drug to administer. The most serious is a risk of agranulocytosis.

True
False

A

True

51
Q

Treatment during the acute phase focuses on alleviating the most severe psychotic symptoms.

This phase usually lasts from
1 to 2 weeks
None of the above
4 to 8 weeks
3 to 6 months

A

4 to 8 weeks

52
Q

Low-potency antipsychotics are often associated with sedation and postural hypotension, particularly when they are administered intramuscularly.

True
False

A

True

53
Q

Intramuscular ziprasidone and olanzapine are similar to their oral counterparts in not causing
substantial extrapyramidal side effects during acute treatment .

True
False

A

True

54
Q

In the stable or maintenance phase, the illness is in a relative stage of remission. The goals during this phase are to prevent psychotic relapse and to assist patients in improving their level of functioning.

True
False

A

True

55
Q

During the maintenance phase, how many percent of patients with Schizophrenia receiving
treatment will experience a relapse within 1 year?

90 percent
None of the above
50 percent
16 to 23 percent

A

16 to 23 percent

56
Q

Without medications in the maintenance phase, how many percent of patients with Schizophrenia receiving treatment will experience a relapse?

30 to 40 percent
53 to 72 percent
None of the above
10 to 20 percent

A

53 to 72 percent

57
Q

It is generally recommended that multi-episode patients receive maintenance treatment for at
least 5 years, and many experts recommend pharmacotherapy on an indefinite basis

True
False

A

True

58
Q

Regarding non-compliance to treatment in Schizophrenia

All of the above
An estimated 40 to 50 percent of patients become noncompliant within 1 or 2 years
Noncompliance with long-term antipsychotic treatment is very high
Compliance increases when long-acting medication is used instead of oral medication

A

All of the above

59
Q

Strategies for poor responders to pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia

4- to 6-week trial on an adequate dose of an antipsychotic
monitoring the plasma concentration of the drug to confirm adequate dosage
raising the dose of the drug if necessary
all of the above

A

all of the above

60
Q

Managing the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) of antipsychotics include.

reducing the dose of the antipsychotic
adding an anti-Parkinson medication changing the patient to a Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonist (SDA)
all of the above

A

all of the above

61
Q

He used the term démence précoce to describe deteriorated patients whose illnesses began in
adolescence.

None of the above
Benedict Morel
Eugene Bleuler
Emil Kraepelin

A

Benedict Morel

61
Q

Peak age of onset of Schizophrenia in men.

After 45 years old
25 to 35 years old
None of the above
10 to 25 years old

A

10 to 25 years old

61
Q

He translated démence précoce into dementia precox, a term that emphasized the change in cognition (dementia) and early onset (precox) of the disorder.

Emil Kraepelin
None of the above
Benedict Morel
Eugene Bleuler

A

Emil Kraepelin

62
Q

He coined the term schizophrenia, which replaced dementia precox in the literature.

Benedict Morel
Eugene Bleuler
Emil Kraepelin
None of the above

A

Eugene Bleuler

63
Q

The four A’s of Schizophrenia: associations, affect, autism, and ambivalence

True
False

A

True

64
Q

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is about

10 percent
1 percent
0.1 percent
None of the above

A

1 percent

65
Q

Schizophrenia is equally prevalent in men and women.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

66
Q

Peak age of onset of Schizophrenia in women

25 to 35 years old
After 45 years old
None of the above
10 to 25 years old

A

25 to 35 years old

67
Q

Late-onset Schizophrenia usually occurs

None of the above
After age 45 years
After age 35 years
After age 25 years

A

After age 45 years

68
Q

First-degree biological relatives of persons with schizophrenia have a ten times greater risk for developing the disease than the general population

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

69
Q

Infection and birth season are biological predisposing factors in the development of Schizophrenia later in life. Persons who develop schizophrenia are more likely to have been born in the

a. winter and early spring
b. late spring and summer
c. summer
d. none of the above

A

a. winter and early spring

70
Q

Apart from smoking-associated mortality, nicotine decreases the blood concentrations of some antipsychotics

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

70
Q

The prevalence of schizophrenia has been correlated with local population density in cities with populations of more than 1 million people. This is due to

social stressors in urban settings
exposure to viruses in high population densities
there is no correlation to population densities none of the above

A

social stressors in urban settings

71
Q

Excessive dopamine release in patients with schizophrenia has been linked to the severity of negative psychotic symptoms

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

dopamine-positive

71
Q

The symptoms of schizophreniform are similar to those of schizophrenia; however, with schizophreniform disorder, the symptoms last for at least

1 month to less than 6 months
1 month but less than 3 months At least 6 months
1 day to less than 1 month

A

1 month to less than 6 months

71
Q

The concept of schizophreniform disorder was introduced in 1939 by

Emil Kraeplin
Gabriel Langfeldt
None of the above
Eugene Bleuler

A

Gabriel Langfeldt

72
Q

The following statements are true regarding the epidemiology of Schizophreniform Disorder

All of the above

fivefold greater rate of schizophreniform disorder has been found in men than in women

1-year prevalence rate of 0.09 percent and a lifetime prevalence rate of 0.11 percent have been reported

most common in adolescents and young adults and is less than half as common as schizophrenia

A

All of the above

73
Q

The relatives of patients with schizophreniform disorders are more likely to have mood disorders than are the relatives of patients with schizophrenia

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

74
Q

Several studies have shown that patients with schizophreniform disorder, as a group, have more affective symptoms (especially mania) and a better outcome than patients with schizophrenia

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

75
Q

One of the differences of Schizophreniform Disorder from Schizophrenia is its

psychotic symptoms
rapid onset and lacks a long prodromal phase
none of the above
insidious onset

A

rapid onset and lacks a long prodromal phase

76
Q

In Schizophreniform Disorder, how many psychotic symptoms must be present?

At least 3
At least 2
At least 1
None of the above

A

At least 2

77
Q

An indicator of poor prognosis in Schizophreniform Disorder

Emotional turmoil
None of the above
Negative symptoms
Confusion

A

Negative symptoms

78
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the course and prognosis of Schizophreniform Disorder is true?

Most estimates of progression to schizophrenia range between 60 and 80 percent
Only 10 percent progress to Schizophrenia None of the above
It is a psychotic illness lasting more than 1 month and less than 3 months

A

Most estimates of progression to schizophrenia range between 60 and 80 percent

79
Q

The following statements are true regarding the treatment of Schizophreniform Disorder

Hospitalization is often necessary Psychotherapy is usually necessary All of the above
treated by a 3- to 6-month course of antipsychotic drugs

A

All of the above

80
Q

The data can be interpreted to indicate a physiological similarity between the psychosis of schizophrenia and the psychosis of schizophreniform disorder

Impaired striatal activity suppression limited to the left hemisphere during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

hyporesponsive skin conductances

enlargement of the cerebral ventricles

none of the above

A

Impaired striatal activity suppression limited to the left hemisphere during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

81
Q

The following statements regarding the course of Schizophrenia are true

patients usually relapse, however, and the pattern of illness during the first 5 years after the diagnosis generally indicates the patient’s course

all of the above

after the first psychotic episode, a patient gradually recovers and may then function relatively normally for a long time

one of exacerbations and remissions

A

all of the above

82
Q

Major distinction between schizophrenia and the mood disorders

response to medications
none of the above
failure to return to baseline functioning after each relapse
need for hospitalization

A

failure to return to baseline functioning after each relapse

83
Q

Several studies have shown that over the 5- to 10-year period after the first psychiatric hospitalization for schizophrenia, only about

10 to 20 percent of patients can be described as having a good outcome

75 percent of patients can be described as having a good outcome

None of the above

50 percent of patients can be described as having a good outcome

A

10 to 20 percent of patients can be described as having a good outcome

84
Q

The following indicate good prognosis in Schizophrenia

Young onset
Mood disorder symptoms
No precipitating factors Insidious onset

A

Mood disorder symptoms

85
Q

The following indicate good prognosis in Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms
Acute onset
Many relapses
Family history of Schizophrenia

A

Acute onset

86
Q

The following indicate good prognosis in Schizophrenia

Neurological signs and symptoms Divorced or widowed
Positive symptoms
Poor support systems

A

Positive symptoms

87
Q

The following indicate poor prognosis in Schizophrenia

Late onset
Withdrawn, autistic behavior
Married status
Obvious precipitating factors

A

Withdrawn, autistic behavior

88
Q

The following indicate poor prognosis in Schizophrenia

No precipitating factors
Family history of mood disorders
Good premorbid social, sexual and work histories
Good support systems

A

No precipitating factors

89
Q

Indications for hospitalization in Schizophrenia

diagnostic purposes
for patients’ safety because of suicidal or homicidal ideation
stabilization of medications
all of the above

A

all of the above

90
Q

The drugs used to treat schizophrenia have a wide variety of pharmacological properties, but all share the capacity to

antagonize postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain
antagonize postsynaptic serotonin receptors in the brain
antagonize presynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain
antagonize presynaptic serotonin receptors in the brain

A

antagonize postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain

91
Q

The following statements are true regarding Schizophrenia

it probably comprises a group of disorders with heterogeneous etiologies

it includes patients whose clinical presentations, treatment response, and courses of illness vary

All of the above

Signs and symptoms are variable and include changes in perception, emotion, cognition, thinking,
and behavior

A

All of the above

92
Q

Regarding hospitalization of patients with Schizophrenia, short stays of 4 to 6 weeks are just as effective as long-term hospitalizations, and hospital settings with active behavioral approaches produce better results than do custodial institutions

True
False

A

True

93
Q

Hospital treatment plans for patients with Schizophrenia should be oriented toward practical issues of

self-care
quality of life
employment
all of the above

A

all of the above

94
Q

the first antipsychotic introduced in 1952

chlorpromazine
clozapine
none of the above
haloperidol

A

chlorpromazine

95
Q
A

PSYCHIA 2 (4 decks)

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