1F Science as Endeavor & Career Flashcards
Learn the characteristics of scientific investigations and opportunities in scientific careers.
What is the purpose of science?
To observe, study, and experiment to understand the nature of the universe.
What is a crucial key in formulating a hypothesis?
It must always be falsifiable; that is to say, it can be challenged and potentially refuted or supported by data.
What is the goal of a hypothesis in science?
To test logical assumptions and determine whether they are valid ideas worthy of further scientific exploration.
What is a scientific law?
When scientists cannot explain why some natural phenomena occur, but they can explain what happens or how it happens, usually with mathematical formulas or equations.
For example: The law of gravity provides useful mathematical formulas for making calculations about gravity, but it does not explain why gravity exists or its cause.
What is the nature of science?
Science is a process of observing, studying, and experimenting to understand the nature of the world and the universe.
Define scientific theory.
A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is repeatedly reinforced by strong scientific evidence over time.
Examples: Germ theory (microscopic organisms cause infectious disease) or the theory of natural selection (evolution is directed by natural selection).
What is dogma in science?
Occurs when core ideas become fixed and unquestioned, turning into principles based on belief rather than empirical data.
An example of dogma in science is the belief in the immutability of species, which was widely accepted before the theory of evolution was developed.
What is pseudoscience?
Presents untested and unsubstantiated beliefs as truths, not following the scientific method and based on manipulation, emotion, and belief.
Common examples of pseudoscience include astrology, homeopathy, and certain forms of alternative medicine that lack empirical support.
What is the danger of pseudoscience in hindering scientific progress?
Pseudoscience can hold back scientific progress by presenting untested beliefs as truths and not following the scientific method.
Why is scientific thinking and methodology important?
To minimize preconceived bias and ensure objectivity in observing and analyzing subjects or phenomena.
Scientific methodology includes the use of controlled experiments, peer review, and repeatability to ensure robust and unbiased results.
What are the five Ws used in scientific thinking?
- Who
- What
- Where
- When
- Why
What is a hypothesis in scientific thinking?
An testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment, based on observations and existing research.
What are the components of an experiment in scientific testing?
- Independent variable
- Dependent variable
- Control
Why are falsified results important in science?
To gain knowledge by knowing what does not cause a phenomenon, leading to new investigations and findings.
Falsified results help refine scientific theories and models by eliminating incorrect hypotheses, as exemplified by the disproof of the geocentric model of the universe.
Provide an example of a question researchers may ask in scientific thinking.
- Why are adolescent students getting worse scores than younger students?
- What is an adolescent’s natural circadian rhythm?
- When do adolescents go to sleep/start school?
- Who does better in school with delayed school start times?
Describe the role of a data scientist.
Analyzes and interprets complex data to inform decision-making.
What does a biomedical engineer do?
Designs and develops medical devices and systems.
