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1F Flashcards

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Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

A body’s physiological reaction to any stimulus that evokes changes

A

stress

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2
Q

Universal experience that can be a catalyst for a positive change or it can be the source of discomfort and pain

A

stress

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3
Q

A stimulus that evokes the need to adapt

A

STRESSOR

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4
Q

a state when stressors evoke an ineffective response

A

DISTRESS

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5
Q

results in positive outcome

A

EUSTRESS

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6
Q

An ongoing process by which individuals adjust to stressors in order to achieve homeostasis

A

ADAPTATION

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7
Q

Describes as a holistic response which involves all dimensions of an individual physiological, psychological, cognitive, social and spiritual

A

ADAPTATION

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8
Q

Transmission of evaluative or corrective information on stress

A

FEEDBACK

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9
Q

It refers to how individuals respond and react to a given stressful situation or event

A

FEEDBACK

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10
Q

An unconscious operations that protect the mind from anxiety

A

DEFENSE MECHANISM

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11
Q

Body’s self-regulation of physiological process

A

HOMEOSTASIS

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12
Q

State of rest and balance

A

EQUILIBRIUM

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13
Q

SOURCES OF STRESS

A

INTERNAL STRESSORS
EXTERNAL STRESSORS
DEVELOPMENTAL STRESSOR
SITUATIONAL STRESSORS

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14
Q

source of stress that originate within an individual

A

INTERNAL STRESSORS

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15
Q

source of stress that Originate outside the individual

A

EXTERNAL STRESSORS

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16
Q

source of stress that Occurs at predictable times throughout an individual’s life

A

DEVELOPMENTAL STRESSOR

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17
Q

source of stress that are unpredictable and may occur at any time during life. It may be positive or negative

A

SITUATIONAL STRESSORS

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18
Q

EFFECTS OF STRESS

A

PHYSICALLY
EMOTIONALLY
INTELLECTUALLY
SOCIALLY
SPIRITUALLY

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19
Q

Three main models of stress

A

Stimulus-based models
Response-based models
Transaction-based models

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20
Q

Stress is defined as: stimulus, life event, or a set of circumstances that arouses physiologic and psychologic reactions that may increase the individual’s vulnerability to illness

A

STIMULUS-BASED MODELS

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21
Q

Characterized by a chain or pattern of physiologic events called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) or stress syndrome

A

RESPONSE-BASED MODELS

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22
Q

common stressors

A

Physiological
Psychological
Cognitive
Environmental
Sociocultural

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23
Q

THREE (3) STAGES OF GAS

A

ALARM
RESISTANCE
EXHAUSTION

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24
Q

stage of GAS: When stimulus occurs, it signals to hypothalamus to release glucocorticoids (sugar) which release adrenaline and cortisol ( focuses on the production of energy ) which increases energy

A

ALARM

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25
Q

stage of GAS: The body attempts to cope with the stressor and to limit the stressor to the smallest area of the body that can deal with it

A

RESISTANCE

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26
Q

stage of GAS: In this stage, it will stimulate the parasympathetic branch wherein the parasympathetic branch will try to normalize through decreasing certain levels to attain homeostasis

A

RESISTANCE

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27
Q

stage of GAS: The body’s adaptation takes place.

A

RESISTANCE

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28
Q

stage of GAS: End of this stage, the body may either rest and return to normal, or death may be ultimate consequence

A

EXHAUSTION

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29
Q

stage of GAS: There is a depletion of energy - The difficult thing about not moving towards exhaustion stage if the stimulus is prolonged, it will have difficulty decreasing it to normality.

A

EXHAUSTION

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30
Q

The body can also react locally; that is, one organ
or a part of the body reacts alone

A

LOCAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (LAS)

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31
Q

the physiological response to a stressor (e.g., trauma, illness) affecting a specific part of the body.

A

LOCAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (LAS)

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32
Q

Manifestations of Stress

A

Physiological
psychological
Cognitive
Behavior
Spiritual

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33
Q

Views stressor as an individual response needed in psychological and cognitive process

A

TRANSACTION-BASED MODELS

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34
Q

CONCEPT OF STRESS ADAPTATION (theoretical methods)

A

BETTY NEUMAN’S SYSTEM MODEL
RESPONSE-BASED MODEL OF STRESS
ADAPTATION MODEL
STIMULUS-BASED MODEL OF STRESS
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF STRESS

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35
Q

A nursing theory based on the individual’s relationship to stress, the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature

A

BETTY NEUMAN’S SYSTEM MODEL

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36
Q

Describes the system model as a unique open system based perspective that provides a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of concerns.

A

BETTY NEUMAN’S SYSTEM MODEL

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37
Q

Based on the physiologic manifestation; flight and fright, controlled by the nervous system and endocrine system

A

RESPONSE-BASED MODEL OF STRESS

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38
Q

Based on the understanding of a person; measures the preparedness or unpreparedness of a person in preventing stressors

A

ADAPTATION MODEL

39
Q

It also sees the individual as a bio-psychosocial being in continuous interaction with a changing environment

A

ADAPTATION MODEL

40
Q

focuses on distributing a disruptive event within the environment

A

STIMULUS-BASED MODEL OF STRESS

41
Q

Views stressor as an individual response needed in psychological and cognitive process

A

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF STRESS

42
Q

This primarily focuses on the concept that individuals capacity to cope and adjust the challenges and problems is a consequences of transactions or interactions that occur between the individual and the environment.

A

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF STRESS

43
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING RESPONSE TO STRESS

A

INTENSITY
SCOPE
DURATION
NUMBER & NATURE
PREDICTABILITY

44
Q

INDICATORS OF STRESS

A

Physiologic indicators
Psychologic indicators
Cognitive indicators
Coping

45
Q

Responses to stress vary depending on the individual’s perception of events. Result from activation of the sympathetic and neuroendocrine system of the body

A

PHYSIOLOGIC INDICATORS

46
Q

manifestations of this stress include anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and unconscious ego defense mechanisms.

A

Psychologic indicators

47
Q

level of anxiety that produces a slight arousal that enhances perception, learning, and produces abilities

A

MILD ANXIETY

48
Q

level of anxiety where the arousal to a point where the individual expresses feelings of tension, nervousness, or concern

A

MODERATE ANXIETY

49
Q

level of anxiety that consumes most of the individual’s energies and requires intervention

A

SEVERE ANXIETY

50
Q

an overpowering, frightening level of anxiety causing the individual to lose control

A

PANIC

51
Q

Foreboding or feeling of helplessness related to an impending or anticipated unidentified threat to self or significant relationships

A

ANXIETY

52
Q

It can be experienced at the conscious, subconscious, or unconscious level.

A

ANXIETY

53
Q

Is an emotion or feeling or apprehension aroused by impending or seeming danger, pain, or another perceived threat

A

FEAR

54
Q

An emotional state consisting of a subjective feeling of animosity (strong hostility) or strong displeasure

A

ANGER

55
Q

Is a common reaction to events that seem overwhelming or negative

A

DEPRESSION

56
Q

An extreme feeling of sadness, despair, dejection, lack of worth, or emptiness

A

DEPRESSION

57
Q

feelings of tiredness, sadness, emptiness, or numbness

A

Emotional symptoms

58
Q

irritability, inability to concentrate, difficulty making decisions, loss of sexual desire, crying, sleep disturbance, and social withdrawal

A

Behavioral signs of depression

59
Q

loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, headache, and dizziness

A

Physical signs of depression

60
Q

Unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms or mental mechanisms that develop as the personality attempts to defend itself, establish compromises among conflicting impulses, and calm inner tensions

A

EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM

61
Q

unconscious mind working to protect the person from anxiety

A

EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM

62
Q

thinking responses that include problem-solving, structuring, self-control or self- discipline, suppression, and fantasy.

A

Cognitive indicators of stress

63
Q

is the arrangement or manipulation of a situation so threatening events do not occur.

A

STRUCTURING

64
Q

is assuming a manner and facial expression that convey a sense of being in control or in charge.

A

SELF-CONTROL (discipline)

65
Q

Prevents panic and harmful or nonproductive actions in a threatening situation, it is a helpful response that conveys strength

A

SELF-CONTROL (discipline)

66
Q

is consciously and willfully putting a thought or feeling out of mind: “I won’t deal with that today. I’ll do it tomorrow.”

A

SUPPRESSION

67
Q

This response relieves stress temporarily but does not solve the problem

A

SUPPRESSION

68
Q

is likened to make-believe. Unfulfilled wishes and desires are imagined as fulfilled, or a threatening experience is reworked or replayed so it ends differently from reality

A

FANTASY OR DAYDREAMING

69
Q

Described as dealing with change successfully or unsuccessfully

A

COPING

70
Q

coping strategy that can be constructive and practical. In situations: talking with others and trying to find out more about the situation

A

Long-term coping strategies

71
Q

coping strategy that can reduce stress to a tolerable limit temporarily but are ineffective ways to permanently deal with reality.

A

Short-term coping strategies

72
Q

type of coping strategy that refers to efforts to improve a situation by making changes or taking action

A

PROBLEM-FOCUSED COPING

73
Q

type of coping strategy that includes thoughts and actions that relieve emotional distress.

A

EMOTIONAL-FOCUSED COPING

74
Q

coping that helps the person deal effectively with stressful events and minimizes distress associated with them

A

Adaptive coping

75
Q

coping that can cause unnecessary distress for the person and others associated with a person or stressful event.

A

Maladaptive coping

76
Q

it is to measure well-being of an individual in relation to stress

A

Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS)

77
Q

STAGES OF GRIEVING

A

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

78
Q

Stage of grieving: avoidance, confusion, elation, shock, fear

A

Denial

79
Q

Stage of grieving: frustration, irritation, anxiety

A

anger

80
Q

Stage of grieving: struggling to find meaning, reaching out to others, telling one’s story

A

Bargaining

81
Q

Stage of grieving: overwhelmed, helplessness, hostility, flight

A

Depression

82
Q

Stage of grieving: exploring options, new plan in place, moving on.

A

acceptance

83
Q

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

A

Regular exercise
Support System
Time management
Guided Imagery & Visualization
Relaxation
Journal Writing

84
Q

defense mechanism: Negation of reality of threatening situations, despite factual evidence

A

Denial

85
Q

defense mechanism: Attribution of one’s own thoughts, feelings, or impulses to others

A

Projection

86
Q

defense mechanism: Unconscious blocking from awareness material that is threatening or painful

A

Repression

87
Q

defense mechanism: Intellectual explaining away of threatening circumstances

A

Rationalization

88
Q

defense mechanism: Incorporating without examination or thought, the qualities or attitudes of others

A

Introjection

89
Q

defense mechanism: Transfer of feelings or reaction evoked by one topic or event to another that is less threatening

A

Displacement

90
Q

defense mechanism: Expression of a feeling that is the opposite of one’s authentic feeling or of feelings that would be appropriate in the situation

A

Reaction formation

91
Q

defense mechanism: Retreat to a previous developmental level

A

Regression

92
Q

defense mechanism: Conscious attempt to keep threatening material out of consciousness

A

Suppression

93
Q

defense mechanism: Channeling of socially unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities

A

Sublimation

94
Q

defense mechanism: Use of an object, idea, or act to express emotion that is not express directly.

A

Symbolization

FNP (7 decks)

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