1C - Acquired Immunity

Question 1

how to build active immunity

Answer 1

adaptive immunity

• Healthy animals are able to actively acquire immunity via exposure to foreign antigens

Question 2

antigen

Answer 2

any substance that stimulates the immune system

Question 3

antibody created by

Answer 3

made by an activated B lymphocyte in response to a specific antigen

Question 4

characteristics of the adaptive immune response

Answer 4

◦ Is specific - the response is directed at a specific antigen
◦ Has memory - the response to the antigen is rapid as long as the animal has been exposed to the antigen before
‣ Efficacy of vaccination
(slower response)

Question 5

naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 5

animal develops immunity to an antigen following natural exposure to the antigen

Question 6

artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 6

induced by vaccinating an animal
◦ Vaccination (immunization) stimulates the adaptive immune system by artificatially exposing the animal to an antigen
‣ Tetanus vaccine, intranasal bordetella vaccine for dogs, pestivirus vaccine for cattle

Question 7

natural passive immunity

Answer 7

◦ Ex - The transfer of antibodies from cow to calf via colostrum
◦ Healthy adult female has acquired adaptive immunity
‣ Mom’s B lymphocytes produce antibodies → passively transferred to the baby either via the placenta or colostrum
No immunological memory

Question 8

natural passive immunity example

Answer 8

◦ Colostrum
‣ Antibodies → baby’s protection until active immunity is built
• Protection for the baby is only transient

Question 9

colostrum

Answer 9

“first milk” - high concentration of antibodies

Question 10

artificial passive immunity

Answer 10

◦ Anti-serum
‣ Tetanus antitoxin is developed in hyperimmune animals (animals with antibodies to a specific antigen)
◦ Antibodies are extracted from the serum of the donor animal and injected into another animal to induce transient but immediate protection