1b Respiratory Tract Infections and Immunology Flashcards
What are the signs and symptoms of a upper respiratory tract infection?
A cough
Sneezing
Runny / Sore Nose
Headache
What are the signs and symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection?
“Productive” cough
Muscle aches
Wheezing
Breathlessness
Fever
Fatigue
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Chest pain
Blue tinge of the lips
Severe fatigue
High fever
What is DALY?
Disability adjusted life year - a sum of the years of life lost and years lost to disability
What happens to the rate of pneumonia with age?
Increases
What are the common bacterial causative agents for respiratory infections?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Myxoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Mycobacterium tubercolosis
What are the common viral causative agents for RTI’s?
Influenza
Human Rhinovirus
Corona Virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
What is CAP and HAP?
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
What is the most common cause of CAP?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What gram is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
gram positive
What type of pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Extracellular and opportunistic
What is the most common cause of HAP?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation and swelling of the bronchi
What is bronchiolotis?
Inflammation and swelling of the bronchioles
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation and swelling of the alveoli
What can pneumonia lead to?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
What is the CRB/CURB-65 scoring system?
Confusion
Respiratory Rate - 30 breaths / minute
Blood Pressure - 90 sys and 60 dia
65 - 65 years or older
In hospital - ass Urea = 7 mmol/L
What is the treatment for a CRB65 score of 0?
Home treatment
Antibiotics
amoxicillin
What is the treatment for a CRB65 score of 1-2?
Consider hospital referral
Amoxocillin and Clarithromycin