1B-More Biological molecules

Question 1

RNA function

Answer 1

Transfer genetic info from the DNA to the ribosomes

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Phosphate group, or rose sugar and nitrogen containing base

Question 3

Bond between nucleotides

Answer 3

Phosphodiester

Question 4

Chain of nucleotides

Answer 4

Sugar phosphate backbone

Question 5

RNA difference from DNA

Answer 5

1- uracil replaces Thymine 2- ribose instead of deoxyribose sugar 3- form single polynucleotide strand instead of double. 4-shorter than most DNA polynucleotides

Question 6

Semi conservative replication

Answer 6

1-DNA helicase breaks H bonds between bases on 2 polynucleotide strands and helix unwinds. 2- each single strand template enables free floating DNA nucleotides to be attracted to their exposed bases 3- condensation reactions join nucleotides on the new strands together via DNA polymerase and h bonds form between new and original strands 4- 2 new DNA contain 1 strand from original

Question 7

Action of DNA polymerase

Answer 7

-Attracted active site to 3 prime end of newly forming DNA strand -strands of DNA double helix antiparallel moves in opposite directions in template strand

Question 8

3 prime

Answer 8

Hydroxyl OH group complementary to active site of DNA polymerase

Question 9

5 prime end

Answer 9

Phosphate group

Question 10

DNA polymerase direction on new strand

Answer 10

5 to 3

Question 11

DNA polymerase direction on template

Answer 11

3 to 5

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

Adenine ribose 3 phosphate

Question 13

Water uses

Answer 13

1- important metabolite 2- good solvent. 3-high latent heat of vaporisation. 4-can buffer temp changes 5-very cohesive

Question 14

Water as a metabolite

Answer 14

Condensation and hydrolysis reactions

Question 15

Water as a solvent

Answer 15

Polarity of water can attract positive or negative atoms so can dissolve other substances

Question 16

Waters high latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 16

H bonds hydrolysed so water evaporates and lots of energy required to break H Bonds so organisms can cool down without losing too much water

Question 17

Water as temperature buffer

Answer 17

H bonds give high specific heat capacity so lots of energy needed to break H bonds so less energy to heat up water so can maintain temperatures in organisms

Question 18

Water very cohesive

Answer 18

Polarity makes them cohesive enabling water to flow and strong cohesion gives high surface tension when in contact with air so sweat droplets form to lose heat as greater surface area and tube transport xylem

Question 19

Making ATP

Answer 19

Inorganic phosphate and ADP catalysed by ATP synthase via condensation reaction releasing a water molecule and using energy

Question 20

Hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 20

ATP catalysed by ATP hydrolase forming ADP and Inorganic phosphate via an hydrolysis reaction using water to the break phosphate bond and releasing energy

Question 21

Phosphorylation

Answer 21

Adding inorganic phosphate to another compound to make it more reactive

Question 22

Iron uses

Answer 22

Haemoglobin 4 polypeptide chains with Fe2+ that binds to oxygen becoming Fe3+ so is oxidised as loses e- to oxygen

Question 23

Hydrogen uses

Answer 23

pH more H+ more acidic and pH affects rate of enzyme controlled reactions

Question 24

Sodium uses

Answer 24

Co transport of sodium ions with glucose or amino acid to cross cell surface membranes

Question 25

Phosphate ions

Answer 25

Phosphate group DNA ATP RNA bonds between phosphate store energy

Question 26

Evidence for semi-conservative replication

Answer 26

Meselsom and stages experiment

Question 27

RNA difference to DNA

Answer 27

1-uracil substituted for thymine 2-ribose sugar instead deoxyribose. 3- shorter strand of RNA nucleotides 4- single stranded polynucleotide

Question 28

Complementary base paring

Answer 28

A-T and G-C hydrogen bonds with 2 polynucleotides antiparallel