1A-Biological Molecules Flashcards
Monomer
Small basic molecular unit
Polymer
Large complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers
Monomer types
Amino acid monosaccharides DNA, ATP and RNA nucleotides glycerol and fatty acids
Polymer types
Polysaccharides, polynucleotides, Polypeptides,
Condensation reaction
Joins to molecules together forming a chemical bond and releasing a Water molecule
Hydrolysis
Breaks chemical bond between 2 molecules using a water molecule
Carbohydrates uses
Respiratory substrates, Structural components in plasma membranes and cell walls
Lipids uses
Respiratory substrates Phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes Hormones
Proteins uses
Enzymes. Chemical messengers. DNA RNA Cells
Monosaccharides
Monomers of carbohydrates
Bond in carbohydrates between disaccharides
Glycosidic
Maltose disaccharide
Glucose and glucose
Sucrose disaccharide
Fructose and glucose
Lactose disaccharide
Galactose and glucose
Alpha glucose
H on top
Beta glucose
OH on top
Glycogen and starch formation
Condensation of alpha glucose
Cellulose
Condensation of beta glucose
Polysaccharide
Condensation reaction of more than 2 monosaccharides
Break glycosidic bonds
Hydrolysis reaction by adding water splits at O
Amylose
1.Starch- long unbranched chain of alpha glucose 2.angles of glycosidic bond =helical structure 3.helical structure = held via H bonds 4.So compact =good for storage