1B- ANAT Flashcards
Erector pili muscle of hair
sebaceous gland
sweat gland
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
What are the four stages of wound healing?
Hemostasis
Inflammatory Phase
Proliferative Phase
Remodeling Phase
What is hemostasis?
Purpose is to stop bleeding, immediately after trauma
What is inflammatory phase?
Purpose is to destroy bacteria and remove debris
* Specialized cells remove debris
* Growth factors and immune system cells present
* Inflammation, heat, pain
* Lasts for 4-6 days
What is proliferative phase?
Granulation tissue fills wound bed with connective tissue and new
blood vessels form
* Wound margins contract
* Wound is covered by epithelial tissue until wound is covered
* Fibroblasts at work
* Lasts 4-24 days
What is the remodeling phase?
Collagen fibers reorganize and remodel and mature
* Lasts up to 2 year
How long is each phase of wound healing?
Hemostasis- immediately
Inflammatory- immediately, 4-6 days
proliferative- 4-24 days
remodeling- up to 2 years
How does collagen and elastin change?
with age, smoking, or sun exposure
What is fascicle?
bundle of muscle fibers
What is endomysium?
Fibril meshwork surrounding
muscle fiber (fascicle); transfers contractile force to
tendon
What is a muscle fiber?
individual cell in a muscle
What units do muscle fibers have?
motor unit
What determines if a muscle fiber will contract?
All or nothing signal
how is the strength of a movement determined?
The number of motor units used
What are myofibrils?
The contractile proteins
What are sarcomeres?
The contractile unit of muscle
What is the process of a muscle contraction?
When is the muscle the strongest?
many actin and myosin fibers are connected but not overlapped- partially contracted
What are the different muscle fiber orientations?
Multipennate
Bippennate
Unipennate
Fusiform
What is multipennate?
What is bipennate?
What is unipennate?
What is fusiform?
What is sphincter?
What is parallel muscle?
What is convergent muscle?
What are the types of muscle contractions?
concentric
eccentric
isometric
What are concentric contractions?
brings two bones together
What are eccentric contractions?
Two bones move farther apart
What are isometric contractions?
Bones stay in the same place
What is a tendon?
Attaches muscle to bone
Two attachment points- origin and insertion or proximal and distal
What is the purpose of the tendon?
To transfer force of muscle contraction to the bone
When looking at a tendon, how does the body move?
Location of tendon attachment + Orientation of
muscle fibers=Direction of bone movement
Common language of muscle interactions include agonist, antagonist, and fixator, what does each mean?
agonist- moves the bone
antagonist- needs to relax
fixator- stabilizer
When does active and passive insufficiency occur?
When a muscle crosses two joints because the position of one joint affects the ability for a muscle to contract- ex you have to bend your knees to touch your toes
What is the difference in active and passive insufficiency?
active- shorten
passive- tighten
