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Anatomy > 1B- ANAT > Flashcards

1B- ANAT Flashcards

1
Q

Erector pili muscle of hair

A
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2
Q

sebaceous gland

A
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3
Q

sweat gland

A
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4
Q

epidermis

A
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5
Q

dermis

A
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6
Q

hypodermis

A
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7
Q

What are the four stages of wound healing?

A

Hemostasis
Inflammatory Phase
Proliferative Phase
Remodeling Phase

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8
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Purpose is to stop bleeding, immediately after trauma

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9
Q

What is inflammatory phase?

A

Purpose is to destroy bacteria and remove debris
* Specialized cells remove debris
* Growth factors and immune system cells present
* Inflammation, heat, pain
* Lasts for 4-6 days

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10
Q

What is proliferative phase?

A

Granulation tissue fills wound bed with connective tissue and new
blood vessels form
* Wound margins contract
* Wound is covered by epithelial tissue until wound is covered
* Fibroblasts at work
* Lasts 4-24 days

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11
Q

What is the remodeling phase?

A

Collagen fibers reorganize and remodel and mature
* Lasts up to 2 year

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12
Q

How long is each phase of wound healing?

A

Hemostasis- immediately
Inflammatory- immediately, 4-6 days
proliferative- 4-24 days
remodeling- up to 2 years

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13
Q

How does collagen and elastin change?

A

with age, smoking, or sun exposure

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14
Q

What is fascicle?

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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15
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Fibril meshwork surrounding
muscle fiber (fascicle); transfers contractile force to
tendon

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16
Q

What is a muscle fiber?

A

individual cell in a muscle

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17
Q

What units do muscle fibers have?

A

motor unit

18
Q

What determines if a muscle fiber will contract?

A

All or nothing signal

19
Q

how is the strength of a movement determined?

A

The number of motor units used

20
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

The contractile proteins

21
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

The contractile unit of muscle

22
Q

What is the process of a muscle contraction?

A
23
Q

When is the muscle the strongest?

A

many actin and myosin fibers are connected but not overlapped- partially contracted

24
Q

What are the different muscle fiber orientations?

A

Multipennate
Bippennate
Unipennate
Fusiform

25
Q

What is multipennate?

A
26
Q

What is bipennate?

A
27
Q

What is unipennate?

A
28
Q

What is fusiform?

A
29
Q

What is sphincter?

A
30
Q

What is parallel muscle?

A
31
Q

What is convergent muscle?

A
32
Q

What are the types of muscle contractions?

A

concentric
eccentric
isometric

33
Q

What are concentric contractions?

A

brings two bones together

34
Q

What are eccentric contractions?

A

Two bones move farther apart

35
Q

What are isometric contractions?

A

Bones stay in the same place

36
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Attaches muscle to bone
Two attachment points- origin and insertion or proximal and distal

37
Q

What is the purpose of the tendon?

A

To transfer force of muscle contraction to the bone

38
Q

When looking at a tendon, how does the body move?

A

Location of tendon attachment + Orientation of
muscle fibers=Direction of bone movement

39
Q

Common language of muscle interactions include agonist, antagonist, and fixator, what does each mean?

A

agonist- moves the bone
antagonist- needs to relax
fixator- stabilizer

40
Q

When does active and passive insufficiency occur?

A

When a muscle crosses two joints because the position of one joint affects the ability for a muscle to contract- ex you have to bend your knees to touch your toes

41
Q

What is the difference in active and passive insufficiency?

A

active- shorten
passive- tighten

42
Q
A

Anatomy (6 decks)

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