1a Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the four lobes of the brain called?
Frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Fine movement, balance and fine coordination
What is a soma?
A cell body
What is a unipolar neurone?
A neurone with one axonal projection
What is a bipolar neurone?
Where the cell body is in the middle of the axon
What is a pseudo-unipolar neurone?
single axonal projection splits into two, cell body is not embedded into the axon
What are the three shapes of the multipolar cells?
Pyramidal, Purkinje and golgi cells
What are dendrites?
Projections off the axon which receive signals from other neurones
What is an astrocyte? And what is its function?
A highly abundant cell which is important in maintaining blood brain barrier and keep the neurones in place
They function as structural cells and are known to play an important role in cell repair, synapse formation, neuronal maturation and plasticity.
What is the function of the oligodendrocytes>
They produce myelin in the CNS
How many cells do oligodendrocytes produce myelin for?
Myelinates many axons
What is the function of a Schwann Cell?
Functions to produce myelin for the peripheral nervous system
how many axons does one schwaan cell myelinate?
One
what are microglial cells?
They are the immune cells of the Central Nervous System - similar to macrophages
What are ependymal cells?
Epithelial cells lining the ventricles that regulate the production of CSF
How is resting membrane potential generated?
3 Sodium ions pumped out for every 2 potassium ions that are pumped in
This results in a high concentration of Na+ outside the neurone, sets up a high concentration gradient so that sodium ions can flow in to generate an action potential
Is the inside of the neurone more positive or negative than the outside?
The inside is more negative - more positive charge is leaving then entering, therefore inside will be more negative
What helps to move the NA+ and K+ ions to generate resting membrane potential?
The Na+/K+ ion pump - Active transport so ATP dependant
Which ions are in high concentration outside the neurone?
Na+ and Cl-