Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UNC EXSS 175 > 1A > Flashcards

1A Flashcards

1
Q

What does Anatomy & Physiology provide?

A

foundation for understanding body parts and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomy Defined

A

-Body Part
-“The process of cutting up”
-Science of body structures and the relationships among them
(How they interact w/ each other, How are they alined w/ each other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Physiology

A

Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Anatomy

A
  1. ) Gross Anatomy
  2. ) Clinically Oriented Anatomy
  3. ) Surface Anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of structures that can be examined without a microscope
(“Cutting up”, dissection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinically Oriented Anatomy

A
  • Emphasizes structure and function
  • Relates to medicine and other health sciences (PT, OT)
  • Visually observe w/o use of microscope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

-Visualization in the “mind’s eye” of structures that lie beneath the skin
(know anatomy, able to palpate different structures through the skin and visualize what’s going on beneath the surface due to prior knowledge w/o the use of an x-ray)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Major Body Systems (11)

A
  • Skeletal
  • Articular
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Reproductive
  • Digestive
  • Endocrine
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
  • Lymphatic
  • Integumentary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Skeletal System Components

A
  • All Bones (associated cartilages and joints)

- Joints can be subdivided into the articular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skeletal System Functions

A
  • Supports and protects body (organs, allows us to stand and move)
  • Provides surface area for muscle attachments
  • Assists in body movements
  • Bone cells store and create blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Articular System Components

A
  • The “joints” of the body

- Basically combined with skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reproductive System Components

A
  • Gonads: Testes and Ovaries (sex organs)
  • Associated organs
    • Internal vs. External (Penis & Vagina)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reproductive System Functions

A
  • Produce reproductive cells (sperm & ova)
  • Transportation and storage of reproductive cells
  • Release of regulatory hormones (works closely w/ the endocrine system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Another name for Urinary System?

A

“Renal” mostly associated with Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Urinary System Components

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urinary System Functions

A
  • Produce, store and eliminate urine (waste) from chemical processes within the body
  • Regulates volume & chemical composition of blood (maintain homeostasis)
  • Regulates fluid & electrolyte balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Muscular System Components

A
  • Skeletal Muscle tissue (what we think of and what we can see gains)
  • Smooth Muscle tissue (visceral) located in intestines and arteries
  • Cardiac Muscle tissue (involuntary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Muscular System Functions

A
  • Produces Movement
  • Maintain Posture
  • Production of heat (metabolic heat-maintain homeostasis so all our other organs and function properly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Central Nervous System Components

A

Bring and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Components

A

Nerves, Special sense organs (i.e. eyes and ears)

All other smaller nerves that send signals out to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nervous system functions

A

1) Regulates body activities (nerve impulses)
2) Detects changes in int/ext environment (interprets) ex. step on sharp nail
3) Muscle contraction (voluntary and involuntary muscles) and glandular secretions (works hand in hand with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis in the body)
4) Most important system for sustaining life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endocrine System Components

A
  • All hormone-producing glands (pituitary, thyroid, hypothalamus, pancreas, etc)
  • Hormone-producing cells in other organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Endocrine System Functions

A
  • Regulates body activities through hormones
    • Work hand-in-hand with the nervous system
  • Transports chemicals in the blood to various target organs of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Digestive System Components

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas) 1 Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Digestive System Functions

A
  • Achieves physical (physical mastication) and chemical breakdown (saliva, stomach acid) of food
  • Absorbs nutrients (distributes to where needed in the body)
  • Eliminates solid wastes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Respiratory System Components

A

Lungs and Series of associated passageways (pharynx, larynx, trachea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A
  • Transfer O2 (Oxygen) from inhaled air to blood
  • Transfer CO2 (Carbon Dioxid) from blood to exhaled air
  • Regulates acid- base balanced of body fluids (regulate homeostasis)
  • Air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Cardiovascular System often referred as?

A

The “circulatory” system

29
Q

Cardiovascular System Components

A

Blood, Heart, and blood vessels

30
Q

Cardiovascular System Functions

A
  • Blood carries O2 and nutrients to cells
  • Carries CO2 and wastes from cells
  • Regulates acid—base balance, temperature, & H2O content of body fluids (maintain homeostasis)
  • Help defend against disease and mend damaged blood vessels

WORKS HAND IN HAND WITH LYMPHATIC

31
Q

Lymphatic System Components

A

Lymphatic fluid/vessels, spleen, tonsils, etc

32
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A
  • Returns proteins and plasma to CV system
  • Carries lipids from GI tract to blood
  • Protect against disease-causing microbes (bacteria, viruses)
33
Q

Integumentary System Components

A

Skin and structures derived from it such as:

hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

34
Q

Integumentary System Function

A
  • Protects the body (skin is the bodies largest organ)
  • Helps regulate body temperature (maintain homeostasis)
  • Eliminates some waste (ex. sweating)
  • Detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold
35
Q

Anatomical Terminology

A

Language of Anatomy

36
Q

What does the Anatomical Position look like?

A
  • Standing Upright
  • Arms at sides, Palms facing forward
  • Head facing forward
  • Feet flat on floor, facing forward
37
Q

What is it called when the body is laying face down?

A

Prone

38
Q

What is it called when the body is facing up?

A

Supine

39
Q

Regional names (6)

A
  • Head: Skull and Face
  • Neck: Supports the head and attaches it to trunk
  • Trunk: Chest, abdomen, and pelvis
  • Upper Limbs/extremity: shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and finger
  • Lower Limbs/extremity: buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes
40
Q

Directional Terms

A
  • Used by anatomists to locate structures
  • Words that describe the position of one body part relative to another
  • Mostly grouped into pairs
41
Q

Superior vs. Inferior (Directional terms)

A

Superior (cranial or cephalic) towards the head or upper part of structure

Inferior (caudal) Away from head or lower part of structure

42
Q

Anterior vs. Posterior (Directional terms)

A

Anterior (ventral or belly side) nearer to front of body

Posterior (dorsal or back) nearer to back of the body

43
Q

Medial vs. Lateral (Directional Terms)

A

Medial - Nearer to the midline

Lateral - Farther from the midline

44
Q

Proximal vs. Distal (Directional Terms)

A

Proximal - Nearer to point of attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to origination of a structure

Distal - Farther from point of attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from origination of a structure

45
Q

Superficial vs. Deep (Directional Terms)

A

Superficial - Towards or on surface of body

Deep - Away from surface of body

46
Q

Internal vs. External (Directional Terms)

A

Internal (central) toward or in interior

External (peripheral) toward or on exterior

47
Q

Ipsilateral vs Contralateral (directional terms)

A

Ipsilateral - on same side of body

Contralateral - On opposite side of body

48
Q

Parietal vs. Visceral (directional terms)

A

Parietal - pertaining to forming outer wall of body cavity

Visceral - Pertaining to covering of organ in ventral cavity

49
Q

Body Cavity

A

Spaces that contain internal organs

50
Q

Body Cavity Function

A

Help to protect, separate and support organs

51
Q

Principle Body Cavities (4)

A
  • Cranial cavity
  • Vertebral cavity
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Abdominopelvic cavity
52
Q

Cranial cavity

A
  • formed by the cranial bones
  • contains the brain

Lined with 3 layers of protective (meninges) tissue

53
Q

Vertebral cavity

A
  • formed by the vertebral column
  • contains the spinal cord

Lined with 3 layers of protective (meninges) tissue

54
Q

What the 3 layers of protective tissued that lines the cranial and vertebral cavity called?

A

Meninges

55
Q

Thoracic “Chest” Cavity

A

Formed by the ribs, chest muscles (diaphragm), sternum, thoracic portion of vertebral column (V.C.)

Seperated from abdominopelvic cavity by diaphragm (inferior part of thoracic cavity)

56
Q

3 Compartments of the Thoracic “Chest” Cavity

A

1) Pericardial cavity
2) Pleural cavities (2)
3) Mediastinum

57
Q

Pericardial Cavity (compartment of thoracic cavity)

A

fluid-filled space that surrounds the heart

58
Q

Pleural cavities (2)(compartment of thoracic cavity)

A

Each pleural cavity surrounds one lung and contains a small amount of fluid

59
Q

Mediastinum (compartment of thoracic cavity)

A

Region between the lungs, extending from the sternum to the V.C. and from neck to the diaphragm
Contains all the thoracic organs except the lungs themselves
Heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and several large blood vessels

60
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A
  • Extends from diaphragm to groin

- Enclosed by abdominal wall and pelvic bones/muscles

61
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the Abdominopelvic Cavity?

A

1) Abdominal Cavity

2) Pelvic Cavity

62
Q

What does the Abdominal Cavity contain (compartment of abdominopelvic cavity)

A

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall-bladder, small intestine and most of large intestine

63
Q

What does the Pelvic cavity contain (compartment of abdominopelvic cavity)

A

Contains the urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal he reproductive organs

64
Q

What are the organs called that are inside of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Viscera

65
Q

4 quadrants of the Abdominopelvic cavity?

A 
Right Upper (RUQ)
Left Upper (LUQ)
Right Lower (RLQ)
Left Lower (LLQ)
66
Q

What consist of the RUQ

A

Liver, Gall bladder, Ascending Colon, Right Kidney

67
Q

What consist of the LUQ

A

Spleen, Body of Stomach, Descending Colon, Left Kidney, Pancreas

68
Q

What consist of the RLQ

A

Cecum, Appendix

69
Q

What consist of the LLQ

A

Sigmoid Colon

UNC EXSS 175 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions