Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UNC EXSS 175 > 02 Muscular System > Flashcards

02 Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Muscle Tissue

A

-Producing body movements
-Stabilizing body positions
-Regulating organ volumes
~Bands of smooth muscle called sphincters
-Movement of substances within the body:
~Blood, lymph, urine, air, food and fluids, sperm (get pushed through the body by the muscle tissue)
-Producing heat
~Involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle (shivering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Properties of Muscle Tissue (5)

A
  • Excitability
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
  • Thermal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli and produce electrical signals.
~External/Internal (scared and run)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contractility

A

Ability to shorten and generate force once excited (bicep curl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability to stretch without damaging the tissue (leg extension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability to return to normal length after being exposed (hamstring stretch - back to normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thermal

A

Ability to produce heat energy (occurs anytime there is muscular contractions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscular Origin

A

Typically on the fixed bone (not moving) usually more proximal than the insertion
Ex. Bicep brachii is attached to the scapula (origin) which is also connected to the humerus and the radius (insertion) which is the bone that will move. As the bicep contracts the muscle will shorten and you will see the forearm flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth Muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

-Attached to bone, skin or fascia
-Striated with light and dark bands visible with scope
~Result of arrangement of different proteins
-Voluntary control of contraction and relaxation
-Multi-nucleated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

-Striated in appearance
-Involuntary control
~Authorhythmic because of built in pacemaker
-Single nucleus per cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • Attached to hair follicles in skin (makes your hair stand up)
  • In walls of hollow organs- blood vessels & GI track
  • Nonstriated in appearance
  • Involuntary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parallel arrangement of fascicles

A

fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle: terminate at either end in flat tendons
(example: stylohyoid muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fusiform arrangement of fascicles

A

fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle: terminate in flat tensions; muscle tapers towards tendons, where diameter is less than at belly (ex. digastric muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Circular

A

fascicles in concentric circular arrangements from sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening) (ex. orbicularis couli muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Triangular

A

fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon; gives muscle a triangular appearance (pectoralis major muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pennate

A

Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Unipennate

A

fascicles are arranged on only one side of tendon

ex. extensor digitorum longus muscle

19
Q

Bipennate

A

fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons (ex. rectus femurs muscle)

20
Q

Multipennate

A

fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons (ex. deltoid muscle)

21
Q

Muscle Composition and Structure

A

Skeletal muscle bundle - Fascicles - Muscle Fibers - Myofibrils - Sarcomeres - Filaments

22
Q

Epimysium and the other name for it?

A

covers the muscles. Fascia

23
Q

Fascicles

A

muscle composed of many bundles of muscle fibers

24
Q

Perimysium

A

what fascicles are covered by

25
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds the individual muscle fibers

26
Q

what are the connective tissue structures?

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, and endomysium.

Run the length of the muscle belly to form the tendon which connects the muscle to the bone

27
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • what each muscle fiber is composed of.
  • contractile elements of skeletal muscle
  • Composed of many sarcomeres which extend from z-line to z-line
28
Q

Sarcomere

A

function unit of contraction

29
Q

What are sarcomeres and myofibrils composed of?

A

-protein filaments

thats what give muscles the striated appearance

30
Q

2 types of filaments?

A 
thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin, troponin, tropomyosin)
Actin are pull across our myosin
31
Q

Filaments are composed of what?

A

Contractile and regulatory proteins

32
Q

Proteins in the muscle?

A

Myosin

33
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments.

  • Each molecule resembles two golf clubs twisted together
  • Myosin heads- golf clubs (cross bridge) extend toward thin filaments pulling all together towards the M line.
  • Everything is held in place by the M line proteins
34
Q

What are thin filaments made up of?

A

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

35
Q

Tropomyosin

A

myosin binding site is covered by this in relaxed muscle.

36
Q

Z-line

A
  • thin filaments are held in place by the z-line.

- one z-line to the next z-line = 1 sarcomere

37
Q

Motor Units

A

Functional unit of skeletal muscle

38
Q

Functional unit of skeletal muscle is the motor unit composed of what?

A
  • single motor neuron

- muscle fibers that it innervates (different for different muscles)

39
Q

Muscular contraction cycle

A
  • never impulse travel down the motor neuron to axon terminal
  • neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released into the synaptic cleft (space between neuron and axon terminal
  • ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate of the muscle fiber
  • Electrical impulse transmitted to the muscle fiber: spreads through the cell membrane of the muscle and down the t-tubles (surround muscle fibers)
  • triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca2+ (calcium) into muscle fibers
  • Calcium binds to troponin; tropomyosin moves away to uncover binding sites on actin
  • Myosin (thick fibers) heads bind to actin
  • Myosin heads pivot so that actin is pulled to shorten the sarcomere length (contraction)
  • To stop the muscle contraction acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks down ACh in the synaptic cleft
  • Calcium (Ca2+) goes back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Troponin and tropomyosin cover the binding sites on actin
  • Sarcomere returns to its resting length (elasticity)
40
Q

Two different contraction?

A

Isotonic Contraction

Isometric Contraction

41
Q

Isotonic contraction and two types?

A

A load is moved - muscle contracts and changes length

Concentric & Eccentric Contraction

42
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

A muscle shortens to produce force and movement

43
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

a muscle lengthens while maintaining force and movement (controlling movement to lengthen)

Resistance greater than force

44
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

no movement occurs (holding a book out in front of you)

  • Tension is generated without muscle shortening
  • Maintaining posture and support objects in a fixed position

UNC EXSS 175 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions