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history extra bits > 1979-90 > Flashcards

1979-90 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 2 thinkers inspired Thatcher?

A

Friedrich Hayek and Keith Joseph

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2
Q

What happened in April 1981?

A

hundreds of young people marched in Brixton in protest of Thatcher

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3
Q

Which problems led to social unrest in 1981?

A
  • poor job prospects in inner city areas
  • alienation of young black people
  • high unemployment amongst young people
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4
Q

How was high unemployment amongst black people in Brixton

A

25%

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5
Q

What happened to Thatcher’s popularity in 1982?

A

it decreased significantly and opinion polls were negative

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6
Q

What was the situation in Falklands in 1982?

A

98% of the island’s population of 2000 wanted to remain under British control.

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7
Q

How many Argentinian troops invaded Falklands?

A

4000

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8
Q

How long did it take to assemble the British task force for Falklands?

A

4 days

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9
Q

When did air strikes begin in Falklands?

A

1st May 1982

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10
Q

Which British ship was destroyed by Argentina?

A

HMS Sheffield

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11
Q

How many people died in Falklands?

A

255 Brits and 665 Argentinians

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12
Q

What were the accusations of the govt doing?

A

deliberately encouraging the miner’s strike in order to bring the power of the unions down

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13
Q

What did the Employment Acts 1980 and 1982 do?

A
  • forbade mass picketing
  • outlawed close shop action
  • all industrial action was made illegal unless there was a formal ballot
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14
Q

How many strikers and policemen were at the Battle of Orgreave?

A

Strikers - 6000
Police - 7000

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15
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Orgreave?

A

93 arrests, 133 injuries

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16
Q

Why did the miner’s strike fail?

A
  • Scargill’s personality and leadership
  • refusal to hold a ballot
  • the govt backed the NCB
  • Labour hardly gave support
  • coal was less vital due to North Sea Oil
  • govt employment acts
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17
Q

What was the impact of the miner’s strike?

A
  • lots of violence
  • accompanied by general lawlessness
  • planned closures went ahead quickly
  • the failure led people to be less supportive of strikes
  • the govt gained confidence
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18
Q

What are the main parts of supply-side economics?

A
  • reducing tax
  • encouraging competition
  • limiting trade unions
  • cutting wasteful welfare payments
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19
Q

Give examples of deregulation

A

Schools - allowed to opt out of state funding and decide their own budget
Hospitals - required to control their own markets
Transport - bus companies deregulated
Finance - credit and exchange controls abolished

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20
Q

How much did home ownership increase by under Thatcher?

A

15%

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21
Q

How did Britain’s balance of payments deficit change?

A

Rose from £16 billion to £47 billion

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22
Q

How much did real wages change by 1979-94 in UK and France?

A

UK - 26%, France - 2%

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23
Q

How did North Sea Oil impact Britain?

A

In 1984, it was 15% of income - higher than any other year

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24
Q

What % were single people taxed on income in 1979 and 1990?

A

1979 - 25%
1990 - 20.3%

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25
Q

What was Thatcher’s majority after the 1987 election?

A

100 seats

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26
Q

Which reforms were announced in 1988?

A
  • a system of standard spending assessments allowed control govt to control local govt expenditure levels
  • councils were required to adopt ‘compulsory competitive tendering’ to contract out their services to companies that could provide the best service at the lowest price
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27
Q

Who was the education minister in 1988?

A

Kenneth Baker

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28
Q

Which reform did Kenneth Baker introduce?

A

Education Reform Act 1988
- schools were able to free themselves from control from the local education authority
- schools could become financially directed by the central govt
- A National Curriculum was introduced with core subjects such as Maths and English and foundational subjects such as History, Geography and Art.
- schools now had to cover a series of ‘key stages’
- parents could not specify which school their children would attend
- league tables were now to be published

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29
Q

How was the poll tax described?

A

‘a reform too far’

30
Q

Where did the idea of the poll tax originally come from?

A

The Adam Smith Institute

31
Q

How many people would pay the poll tax?

A

38 million

32
Q

Why did Thatcher think the poll tax was a good idea?

A

it would spread the amount of people paying the tax making sure they paid less

33
Q

What was the problem with the poll tax?

A

it was a flat rate so hit the poorest the hardest

34
Q

Which campaign did the SNP run?

A

‘can’t pay, won’t pay’

35
Q

What did Major replace the poll tax with in 1991?

A

a council tax.

36
Q

What were Thatcher’s main concerns about the EEC?

A
  • protectionism
  • centralisation
  • disparity in payments made
37
Q

What did Thatcher manage to do in the EEC?

A

reduce the amount that Britain paid in as they weren’t taking so much back

38
Q

What did the Single European Act 1986 do?

A
  • committed everyone to a closer monetary union
  • established super nationality
  • abolished the right of individual nations to make vetoes
39
Q

When did Britain agree to join the ERM?

A

Oct 1990

40
Q

Which two MPs resigned to destroy Thatcher’s reputation?

A
  • Nigel Lawson - Chancellor
  • Geoffrey Howe - foreign secretary
41
Q

When was the NO NO NO speech?

A

31st October 1990

42
Q

When was Howe’s resignation speech?

A

13th Nov 1989

43
Q

What was the impact of Howe’s speech?

A

it revealed cabinet divisions over Europe and was a devastating criticism of Thatcher.

44
Q

When did Hong Kong become a British colony?

A

1842

45
Q

How many Hong Kong people wanted to remain British?

A

95%

46
Q

What did China want to do?

A

Make Hong Kong a part of China - they took a very hard line approach

47
Q

When did Hong Kong return to China?

A

1997

48
Q

What and when was the Joint Declaration?

A

1984 - agreed that the lease on Hong Kong would end in 1997 and in return China agreed that Hong Kong would remain capitalist until 2047

49
Q

What is interesting to note about Thatcher?

A

she was more popular abroad than at home

50
Q

When did Thatcher first get the nickname the Iron Lady

A

1976

51
Q

What is the INLA

A

Irish National Liberation Army

52
Q

When was Earl Mountbatten killed?

A

August 1979

53
Q

Who was the Irish Taoiseach?

A

Charles Haughey

54
Q

What were the main provisions of the Anglo-Irish Agreement?

A
  • The Republic recognised Northern Ireland as part of the UK
  • the British govt gave assurance that it supported civil rights for all
  • the two govts committed themselves to close cooperation over security matters
55
Q

What happened at Enniskillen in 1987?

A

The IRA exploded a bomb at a Remembrance Day service. 11 people were killed and 60 were injured. Both Catholics and Protestants died

56
Q

What happened in Death on the Rock 1988?

A

In March 1988, the SAS shot and killed 3 IRA members before they detonated a bomb in Gibraltar. 3 weeks later at their funeral, a loyalist gunman opened fire on 5000 people. 3 died and 50 were injured. As a result, Thatcher’s govt imposed a broadcasting ban on the IRA.

57
Q

Which measures were imposed to attempt stability in Northern Ireland?

A
  • 1987: Central Community Relations Unit tried to foster better relations between Catholics and Protestants
  • 1989: Fair Employment Act required workers with more than 25 employees to not discriminate when allocating jobs
  • 1990: Northern Ireland Community Relations Council: extended support from 3 years earlier
58
Q

What were Labour’s problems?

A
  • lost 4 elections in a row
  • winter of discontent reputation
  • links with unions looked down on
  • divided party
  • Michael Foot - too left wing
59
Q

Who was a leading figure in the left of the Labour party?

A

Tony Benn

60
Q

What happened to the Labour party in 1981?

A

A group of MPs broke away to form the new Social Democratic Party

61
Q

Who was in the Gang of Four?

A

Shirley Williams, David Owen, William Rodgers and Roy Jenkins

62
Q

Which 3 reasons led to the SDP split?

A
  • Labour’s election defeat 1979
  • Michael Foot’s leadership
  • left wing constitutional changes
63
Q

How much of the popular vote did the SDP get in 1983?

A

1/4

64
Q

What were the reasons for Labour’s 1983 election defeat?

A
  • Foot’s leadership
  • internal disputes
  • longest suicide note in history
  • Falklands
  • pacifism made Labour look unpatriotic
65
Q

What did Kinnock do in 1985?

A

Made a speech at the annual conference which denounced the militant tendency councillors and left no more room for the SDP

66
Q

Why did Kinnock effectively sacrifice his career?

A

In order to save the party he had to make a large number of reforms on nationalising among other this which made his leadership seem poor.

67
Q

What happened in the 4 by-elections 1989-90?

A

the Conservatives lost them all

68
Q

What is Thatcherism remembered for?

A
  • abandoning consensus
  • free markets
  • reducing the state and trade unions
  • making local govt more efficient
  • restoring social accountability
69
Q

What are the 4 contradictions of Thatcher?

A
  • wanted to reduce tax but increased Britain’s tax bill
  • went out of office with spending at a record high
  • govt power increased
  • took Britain deeper into Europe
70
Q

When did Thatcher say there’s no such thing as society?

A

Oct 1987

71
Q

Which areas did Thatcher spend the most on?

A

Social security, environment and NHS

history extra bits (6 decks)

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