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history extra bits > 1951-64 > Flashcards

1951-64 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the lowest unemployment? How many were unemployed?

A

1956 - 297,000 people

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2
Q

When was the highest unemployment? How many were unemployed?

A

1963 - 878,000

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3
Q

How old was Churchill when he became PM?

A

76

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4
Q

What speech was given in 1957?

A

Never had it so good

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5
Q

How many new homes were built?

A

1.7 million

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6
Q

Which percentage of the new buildings were private dwellings?

A

60%

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7
Q

What and when was the Rent Act?

A

1957 - put 6 million properties on the market and abolished rent controls

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8
Q

How much did the Suez crisis cost?

A

£564 million

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9
Q

What and when was the Homicide Act?

A

1957 - ended the death penalty for everything except for some categories of murder.

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10
Q

How did car ownership change?

A

From 1.5 million to 5.5 million.

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11
Q

What did the government fail to do?

A

Invest into industry and development - as shown by stagflation.

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12
Q

When was the term Butskellism first used?

A

1964 in the Economist

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13
Q

How many more votes did Labour win in the 1951 election?

A

250,000

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14
Q

What was the Conservative majority in 1951, 1955 and 1959?

A

17, 60 and 90

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15
Q

Give the reasons for labour’s defeat in 1951:

A
  • worn down by financial and economic difficulties
  • serious divisions between the left and rights
  • resentment amongst trade unions
  • image of high tax and austerity
  • FPTP
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16
Q

What were the Conservative strengths in 1951?

A
  • recovered from their shock defeat of 1945
  • 1950 election brought in many younger MPs
  • reformation of their finances
  • attacking government nationalisation
  • voters impressed by their emphasis on individualism
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17
Q

What is Hire Purchase?

A

Financial credit

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18
Q

Describe the 1963 Vassal Inquiry

A

A civil servant, John Vassal, was caught spying for the Soviet Union in 1962 and there were rumours that many other civil servants had tried to protect him. The inquiry actually found no clear evidence of this but the accusations were damaging.

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19
Q

Describe the 1963 Kim Philby scandal

A

In Jan 1963, it was revealed that Kim Philby from the foreign office had been passing info to the USSR. He fled to Moscow where he stayed until his death in 1988.

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20
Q

What happened in the Argyll divorce case?

A

The Duke of Argyll sued his wife for adultery. He provided a public list of the men which she had had group sex with multiple times. He also provided photos in court. The judge ruled that there was no doubt she had engaged in “disgusting sexual practices”.

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21
Q

Describe the 1963 Profumo Affair.

A

The war minister John Profumo had had relations with a model. Christine Keeler who had also been with several Soviets. In March 1963, Profumo swore to Parliament that it wasn’t true. This was a lie and the Conservative Party was disgraced.

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22
Q

What happened to Stephen Ward?

A

He was the osteopath who had introduced Ward and Keeler. It was revealed that he had connected lots of wealthy men with girls. He killed himself before his trial.

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23
Q

What was the impact of the Profumo affair?

A

It made the party seem immoral and showed Macmillan’s weaknesses as he was so ready to believe Ward’s lies. it added further hatred to the Establishment.

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24
Q

Who did they think would become leader after Macmillan?

A

Rab Butler

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25
Q

Why did Butler not become leader in 1963?

A

He didn’t try hard enough to push his campaign

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26
Q

How did Douglas Home become PM?

A

He got the Peerage Act passed in 1963 which allowed him to renounce his hereditary peerage and enter the Hpuse of Commons instead.

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27
Q

Why was Douglas Home largely unpopular?

A

He was out of touch and unelected.

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28
Q

When did Gaitskell die? How old was he?

A

Jan 1963 - 57

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29
Q

How did Labour feel before the 1959 election?

A

Confident - they thought they would be able to win .

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30
Q

Why did Labour lose in 1959?

A
  • divisions
  • rises of unilateralism
  • uncertainty on Britain joining the Common Market
  • rising prosperity
  • Labour’s reputation
31
Q

What causes divisions for Labour in 1960?

A

CND

32
Q

When did Nasser become the president of Egypt?

A

1952

33
Q

What happened with the Aswan Dam?

A

Nasser intended to build it to help his business. The UK and USA had invested in it but withdrew their support when they found out that Nasser also asked the Soviet Bloc for support.

34
Q

When did Nasser nationalise the Suez canal?

A

July 1956

35
Q

How much of the canal did Britain own?

A

40%

36
Q

What did France and Britain try to do about Suez?

A

Go to the UN Security Council which proved fruitless because the Soviets vetoed their proposals.

37
Q

What happened on 29th and 30th October 1956?

A

29th - Israel invaded Egypt
30th - France and Britain fight them off to act like the heroes

38
Q

What did Britain do for the first time?

A

Use their UN veto when a ceasefire was demanded

39
Q

For which reasons did Britain withdraw from Suez?

A
  • opposition at home
  • fury of the Americans
  • failure to gain international backing
  • condemnation at the UN
  • threat of economic collapse
40
Q

Why did Eden dislike Nasser?

A

he was a dictator and Eden was a racist

41
Q

What is an explanation for Eden’s actions in the Suez Crisis?

A

ill-health

42
Q

What was the impact of the Suez crisis?

A
  • Eden’s reputation ruined
  • Britain’s international position weakened
  • Loss of American support
  • Financial drain
  • New thoughts about foreign policy
43
Q

What were the key aspects of the Treaty of Rome?

A
  • establishment of a common market
  • adoption of CAP
  • member states required to operation protectionist policies
44
Q

What did CAP do?

A

Provide farmers with guaranteed prices for their produce regardless of actual demand or cost.

45
Q

What did Gaitskell announce in Oct 1962?

A

He was firmly against Britain ever joining the EEC

46
Q

When was the EFTA established?

A

1959

47
Q

Which bombs did Britain detonate in the 1950s?

A

Hydrogen - 1957
Atomic - 1952

48
Q

When did they decide to join the EEC?

A

1961

49
Q

When did de Gaulle do his first veto?

A

1963

50
Q

Why did France veto the British EEC application?

A
  • fears of power
  • WW2 bitterness
  • commonwealth sceptics
  • fears of USA involvement
  • thought it would be a power struggle
51
Q

How did the EEC rejection seem?

A

A humiliating defeat and embarrassing for Britain’s international position

52
Q

What is the League of Empire Loyalists?

A

A pressure group formed in 1954 as a reaction to colonisation

53
Q

What was the situation in Rhodesia?

A

The white people would refuse to accept majority rule as they felt the native Rhodesians wouldn’t be able to exercise this power properly.

54
Q

How much did Britain have to pay for India’s war costs?

A

£1200 million

55
Q

By the end of WW2 how in debt was Britain to the empire?

A

£454 million

56
Q

Was the impact of decolonisation big in Britain?

A

No

57
Q

Who was education secretary 1962-64?

A

Edward Boyle

58
Q

What did Edward Boyle do?

A

Persuaded the govt to remove the 11+ exam and move to a comprehensive system. As a result the first comprehensive schools were built.
Eg - Kidbrooke School in south London in 1954

59
Q

What were the main arguments for and against comprehensive schooling?

A

For - benefits children from disadvantaged backgrounds, removed the unreliable 11+, removes social division, children in lower tier schools would no longer be seen as failures.
Against - quality of schools still depended on the area, wealthy children could still go to private schools, children were still placed in sets based on ability anyway.

60
Q

What did the Robbins Report 1963 say?

A
  • unis should be expanded
  • emphasis should be given to science education
  • the 12 colleges of advanced technology should be upgraded to unis
  • larger grants should be given to students
61
Q

What did Butler say in 1960?

A

“people are not divided so much between ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ as between ‘haves’ and ‘have-mores’.”

62
Q

What was becoming more possible?

A

social mobility

63
Q

What was the key to assisting social mobility?

A

Hire Purchase

64
Q

How many immigrants came to the UK 1950-59?

A

676,000

65
Q

How many immigrants came to the UK 1960-69?

A

1243000

66
Q

What happened in August 1958?

A

over 600 white males tried to batter their way into black-owned properties

66
Q

What happened in August 1958?

A

over 600 white males tried to batter their way into black-owned properties

67
Q

What did the Salmon Report suggest?

A
  • sexual jealousy of young white men who resented women dating black men
  • anger that black people were willing to work for lower wages
  • bitterness at rise in rents that was blamed on immigration
  • Teddy Boys using violence against black people
68
Q

What did the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 do?

A

control the entrants of immigrants based on their ethnic origin

69
Q

How many new commonwealth immigrants came to the UK 1960-2?

A

230.000

70
Q

What are some possible explanations for the emergence of youth subculture?

A
  • growing affluence
  • alienation by poverty
  • first generation to not live through the war
  • throwing off traditional restraints
  • scandals in the establishment
  • time of satire
71
Q

What happened to women after WW2?

A

75% of them left work to go to their traditional role in the home

72
Q

What did Stafford Cripps make clear?

A

he expected women to act with extra responsibility during the time of austerity and to not seek more money or freedoms.

73
Q

What was the situation with women in employment by 1960?

A

made up 1/3 of the workforce
2/3 of their jobs were low paying roles
barely 1/10 of the higher paying roles were help by women

history extra bits (6 decks)

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