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1970-79 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Selsdon manifesto drawn up?

A

January 1970

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2
Q

What are market forces?

A

the natural laws of supply and demand

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3
Q

Who was Heath’s minister for Labour?

A

Robert Carr

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4
Q

What did the Industrial Relations Act 1971 do?

A
  • restricted the right to strike
  • established the National Industrial Relations Court
  • unions had to put themselves on a register in order to maintain their legal rights
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5
Q

Who was John Davies?

A

a former director-general of the CBI who Heath appointed as head of the new department of trade and industry in an effort to move towards free-markets.

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6
Q

What were Baber’s original actions as Chancellor?

A
  • income tax cuts
  • reductions in govt spending
  • scrapping the Prices and Incomes board
  • cuts in subsidies paid to local authorities
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7
Q

What did the opposition criticise Heath for?

A
  • abandoning the mixed economy
  • weakening the welfare state
  • undermining full employment
  • putting economy before social development
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8
Q

How high was inflation by the end of 1971?

A

15%

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9
Q

How much money was paid to the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders?

A

£34 million

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10
Q

How many working days were lost in 1972?

A

23,909,000

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11
Q

When was the first NUM strike?

A

1972

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12
Q

How much of the wage increase did the NUM get?

A

21%

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13
Q

When did the NUM go on strike again?

A

1974 - they gained confidence from their wage increase

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14
Q

What were Heath’s main problems by 1974?

A
  • rapid inflation
  • union wage demands
  • high unemployment
  • the 3 day week
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15
Q

How many seats did Labour and Conservatives get in Feb 1974?

A

Cons - 297
Lab - 301

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16
Q

What and when was the Local Government Act?

A

1972/3 - reformed the structure of local govt and created many new regions

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17
Q

When did de Gaulle retire as French President?

A

1969

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18
Q

Which treaty led to Britain joining the EEC?

A

Treaty of Accession 1972

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19
Q

What were the advantages of joining the EEC?

A
  • access to European markets
  • benefits of the end of wartime disputes
  • better chance of attracting global business
  • entitled to EEC development grants
  • had the right to work in other EEC countries
  • greater freedom of movement
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20
Q

What were the disadvantages of joining the EEC?

A
  • no longer able to buy cheap Commonwealth food
  • pain high contributions
  • CAP led to higher prices
  • Common Fisheries Policy restricted rights to fishing
  • had to impose VAT on many things
  • joined protectionist organisation
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21
Q

How much did the cost of oil change between 1973 and 1980?

A

from $2 to $35 per barrel

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22
Q

What were the economic impacts of the OPEC oil embargo?

A
  • BOP deficit rose to £1 billion
  • inflation rose to 16%
  • the value of the pound dropped to $1.57
  • interest rates were raised to 15%
    -a record budget deficit occurred
  • unemployment more than doubled to 1.44 million between 1974 and 1976.
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23
Q

What were the 3 restrictions on Labour in 1974?

A
  • narrow majority
  • struggle with unions
  • rapid inflation
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24
Q

What was the Labour majority after the Oct 1974 election?

A

42

25
Q

What was the Lib-Lab pact?

A

a pact made me Callaghan and Steel in 1977 which committed the Liberals to voting with Labour in return for the govt consulting the Liberals on key issues.

26
Q

What happened to the £ in March 1976?

A

it dropped to below $2 in exchange value.

27
Q

Who became chancellor in Dec 1976?

A

Healy

28
Q

How high was unemployment in 1978?

A

1.6 million

29
Q

What was the IMF loan evidence of?

A

Britain’s further decline

30
Q

What was the social contract?

A

an informal agreement from 1972 between Wilson and Vic Feather, the TUC leader that when Labour returned to power the govt would adopt a friendlier pro-worker set of policies.

31
Q

When was the EEC referendum?

A

5th June 1975

32
Q

What did Martin Pugh say about the referendum?

A

People voted more out of fear of the consequences of leaving rather than the enthusiasm for remaining in

33
Q

How did people vote in the 1975 referendum?

A

Yes - 64.5%
No - 35.5%

34
Q

When did Wilson resign?

A

March 1976

35
Q

What was announced in September 1977?

A

a 5% restriction of wage rises.

36
Q

How many working days were lost in 1979?

A

29.4 million

37
Q

What were the most disruptive strikes of the 70s?

A
  • firefighters - 1977
  • Ford Motors - 1979
  • Lorry Drivers - 1979
38
Q

How much of a pay rise did Lorry drivers get?

A

20%

39
Q

How many workers went on strike on 22nd Jan 1979?

A

1.5 million

40
Q

Which parties did Labour have to rely on?

A

Liberals and SNP

41
Q

When was Callaghan beaten in a vote of no confidence?

A

28th March 1979

42
Q

How many seats did each party win in 1979?

A

Lab - 269
Cons - 339

43
Q

What was Thatcher’s majority in 1979?

A

43

44
Q

What did Nixon do in 1972?

A

visit Beijing

45
Q

What was Heath the first major British politician to do?

A

visit the PRC

46
Q

What did the Soviets do in 1979?

A

invade Afghanistan

47
Q

Explain what happened with Georgi Markov

A

he was an anti-soviet Bulgarian who was killed mysteriously in London in 1978. May thought he was assassinated by the KGB but they denied any involvement.

48
Q

In 1971 what percentage of homes had a fridge, TV, washing machine and telephone?

A

Fridge - 69%
TV - 91%
Washing machine - 64%
Telephone - 48%

49
Q

Which were the most popular newspapers in 1976?

A

The Sun and Daily Mirror

50
Q

Give the 6 acts that helped gender equality in the 70s

A
  • Equal Pay Act 1970 - same rates of pay for the same job
  • Finance Act 1971 - husbands and wife’s earnings taxed separately
  • Employment Protection Act 1975 - can’t refuse pregnant employees
  • Sex Discrimination Act 1975 - outlawed discrimination on the grounds of sex
  • Social Security Act 1975 - maternity allowance fund
  • Social Security Pensions Act 1975 - pension schemes had to be equal for men and women
51
Q

What were the 4 consequences of internment?

A
  • increasing tension
  • Catholics felt persecuted
  • strained relations between Britain and Ireland
  • breaking of cross-party understanding in the commons
52
Q

What was the Widgery report

A

An inquiry into Bloody Sunday conducted by Lord Widgery

53
Q

What did the Widgery report do?

A
  • further convinced the Catholic population that the British govt was hostile
  • increased tension between London and Dublin
  • increased the gap between the Irish parties
54
Q

What did Catholics remain angry about after Sunningdale?

A
  • unemployment
  • presence of the British army
  • slow progress in civil rights
  • diplock courts
55
Q

What happened in May 1974?

A

a 15 day long strike by the Ulster Workers Council

56
Q

What did the 1974 Northern Ireland Act do?

A

created a power-sharing Constitutional Convention. The first vote for it in 1975 saw a 66% turnout. However, it remained ineffective and was dissolved in 1976

57
Q

What did the Labour govt do in Northern Ireland?

A

removed special category status in order to crack down on terrorism

58
Q

What act was introduced after the Birmingham pub bombings?

A

Prevention of Terrorism Act

59
Q

What happened in the Birmingham pub bombings?

A

21st Nov 1974 - 21 people killed and 180 seriously injured.

history extra bits (6 decks)

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