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South Africa History > 1968-83 > Flashcards

1968-83 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the Black Consciousness organisation of high school students, central in politicising school students and encouraging them to take action?

A

South African Students’ Movement (SASM)

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2
Q

When was the South African Students’ Movement (SASM) formed?

A

1968

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3
Q

What was the full name of BOSS, created in 1969 to coordinate defence and police?

A

Bureau for State Security

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4
Q

When was SA formally excluded from the Olympic Games?

A

1970

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5
Q

What was the main aim of the 1969 Morogoro Conference in Tanzania?

A

intended to draw up plan for victory and for reform of ANC structure to facilitate it

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6
Q

Which of the ANC’s National Executive and Revolutionary Council could non-blacks serve on?

A

Revolutionary Council (overseeing military struggle)

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7
Q

When was South African Students’ Organisation (SASO) formed?

A

1969

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8
Q

Who was allowed to join SASO?

A

Black African, Coloured, or Indian students

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9
Q

How many students were arrested at the SASO 1972 strikes on university campuses?

A

> 600

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10
Q

What was launched in 1972 with the aim of extending the Black Consciousness Movement’s message to workers’ unions?

A

Black People’s Convention (BPC)

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11
Q

What did the UN declare in 1973 in respect of what is now Namibia?

A

SA’s ruling of the former German South-West Africa since WWI was now illegal

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12
Q

Who became subject to a banning order in 1973?

A

Steve Biko

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13
Q

In 1974, what did the United Party become?

A

Progressive Federalist party

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14
Q

What increase in seats did the Progressive Federalist party get in the 1974 election?

A

moving from 1 to 7 seats

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15
Q

Which countries became independent of Portugal in 1974?

A

Angola and Mozambique

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16
Q

What did the 1974 Afrikaans Medium Decree require?

A

from 1975 at least half of all lessons in secondary schools must be taught in Afrikaans

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17
Q

When was Steve Biko arrested for breaking his banning order?

A

1974

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18
Q

When was SASO banned?

A

1975

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19
Q

What was the 1975 Operation Susannah?

A

SA invaded Angola, using 3000 SA troops

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20
Q

When did the Soweto uprising occur?

A

June 1976

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21
Q

What were the two key issues that led to the Soweto uprising?

A
  • use of Afrikaans in teaching
  • conditions in townships
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22
Q

How many children took part in the Soweto uprising?

A

20,000

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23
Q

How many children shot by police in the Soweto uprising?

A

about 20

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24
Q

How many armed police sent to Soweto in response to the uprising?

A

1,500

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25
Q

How many seats did the Progressive and National Parties get at the 1977 election?

A
  • Progressive Party - 17
  • National Party - 134
26
Q

What was the Total Onslaught claimed by Botha as Defence Minister in 1974?

A

concerted attack by communists backed by USSR

27
Q

What was the 1974 Total Strategy?

A

restructuring of government with emphasis on security

28
Q

What was the 1977 UN resolution 177?

A

Arms embargo on SA

29
Q

What was the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement?

A

Commonwealth agreement to sever sporting links with SA

30
Q

What was the 1977 Committee of Ten?

A

committee formed in Soweto to organise new local government with residents voting for councils, but rejected by government

31
Q

When did Transkei get full independence?

A

1976

32
Q

When did Bophuthatswana get full independence?

A

1977

33
Q

Which police stations did MK attack in 1977?

A

Daveyton and Germiston

34
Q

When did Steve Biko die and where?

A

September 1977 in police custody

35
Q

How did police claim Steve Biko died?

A

police claimed he attacked them and fell against wall during violent struggle

36
Q

What did the inquiry conclude caused Steve Biko’s death?

A

brain damage worsened by 700 mile journey to prison hospital

37
Q

What was the National Party Muldergate Scandal about?

A

significant government money spent on propaganda, eg The Citizen newspaper, bribes to other countries

38
Q

Why was the Muldergate Scandal called that?

A

Minister of Information Connie Mulder seen as main culprit

39
Q

After Connie Mulder resigned from the National Party, what party did she form?

A

Conservative Party with others from the National Party

40
Q

What consequences were there for Vorster from the Muldergate scandal?

A

He was implicated so resigned as prime minister, briefly became president then resigned from that too

41
Q

Why did ANC leaders visit Vietnam in 1978?

A

to study what is saw as its victory over US and success in uniting country

42
Q

What did UN resolution 435 call for in 1978?

A

withdrawal of SA forces from Namibia and for transfer of power to people of Namibia

43
Q

What did ANC change following its 1978 visit to Vietnam?

A

changed tactics from attacks in rural areas to guerrilla warfare in urban areas

44
Q

Where did an MK bomb explode in 1978, killing one civilian and wounding three others?

A

outside the offices of the Bantu Affairs building in Port Elizabeth,

45
Q

When did Botha become prime minister and why?

A

1979 because Vorster resigned

46
Q

When did Zimbabwe officially become independent and get black-majority rule?

A

1980

47
Q

What did MK attack many times in 1979? Give at least one example.

A

railways, eg in April improvised device discovered and defused on railway near Soweto; in December, railway in Eastern Cape was damaged by a blast

48
Q

When did Venda get full independence?

A

1979

49
Q

How equal was the spread of wealth in SA in 1980 survey?

A

SA had one of most unequal societies in world: wealthiest 10% had 58% of wealth; lowest 40% had 6% of wealth

50
Q

What was the President’s Council, formed in 1981?

A

council of white, Indian and coloured formed to advise government, replacing Senate

51
Q

Why was the African Council proposed in 1981 not actually formed?

A

no blacks prepared to join

52
Q

When did Ciskei get full independence?

A

1981

53
Q

What was introduced in the 1982 Internal Security Act?

A

anyone could be investigated and banned without needing to give a reason

54
Q

What did the 1982 Inquest Act outlaw?

A

reporting of deaths in custody

55
Q

What did the 1982 Police Act ban?

A

criticism of security forces

56
Q

Who assassinated activist Ruth First and when?

A

security forces in 1982

57
Q

What were the main aims of the United Democratic Front (UDF)?

A
  • to coordinate internal opposition
  • ultimately to form new SA government based on Freedom Charter and abandon Bantustans system
58
Q

How many organisations founded the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983?

A

575 organisations

59
Q

How many signatures did UDF campaign to get or mass petition against proposed new constitution and black local government?

A

1 million

60
Q

What did Ciskei workers boycott in 1983?

A

buses taking them to work in city of East London

South Africa History (4 decks)

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