1948-59 Flashcards
Which Act limited Africans to tribal reserves of 7% of the country?
1913 Native Land Act
What did the 1923 Urban Areas Act bring in?
requirement for Africans to live in townships if in white areas
Which Act allowed tribal reserves to be extended to 13.6% of SA?
1936 Native Trusts and Lands Act
Who formed the ANC Youth League and when?
Walter Sisulu in 1944
Name three members of the ANC Youth League.
Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Robert Sobukwe
How was the SA population split in 1946?
Black African - 7.9m
White - 2.4m
Coloured - 0.9m
Indian -0.3m
How many seats did the National and United Parties win at the 1948 election?
National Party 79 seats
United Party 71 seats
When did the ANCYL create its Basic Policy?
1948
What did the Basic Policy say about working with non-Africans?
Africans should accept help of other sympathetic groups
When was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act?
1949
When was the Population Registration Act and what was the key change?
1950: everyone designated racial category
Which 1950 act prohibited sex between races?
Immorality Act
Which Act introduced banning orders?
1950 Suppression of Communism Act
How was communism defined in the Suppression of Communism Act?
“any scheme aimed at bringing about any political and social and economic change by the promotion of disturbance and disorder”
Which Act allowed the government to designate areas to races?
1950 Group Areas Act
What were the two planned stages of the 1951 Defiance Campaign?
- local protests by breaking law, eg not carrying passes, so getting arrested
- nationwide strikes and protests
When and how were Bantustans introduced?
1951 through the Bantu Authorities Act
What two key laws did the National Laws Amendment Act bring in?
- introduced reference books (and abolished the various passes in different areas)
- all non-whites (including women for first time) must carry pass book to enter white areas
Which Act allowed the government to call a state of emergency for one year and then renew indefinitely?
1953 Public Safety Act
Which Act stated that anyone accompanying a person found guilty of crime would also be assumed guilty unless could prove innocent?
1953 Criminal Law Amendment Act
What happened in Sophiatown in 1953?
Mixed race residents of this “blackspot” were removed by force and moved to a new township, Meadowlands. Sophiatown was demolished and replaced with white suburb Triomf.
What was a “Blackspot”?
an area outside officially designated African area but where Africans had managed to acquire land
Where and when was the Freedom Charter agreed?
1955 in Kliptown
What was the key demand of the Freedom Charter?
equal rights for all
What Act of censorship banned imported publications if they were considered to be “indecent or obscene or on any ground whatsoever objectionable”
Customs and Excise Act 1955
Which Act banned meetings that might engender hostility between races?
1956 Riotous Assemblies Act
When did coloured lose the right to vote?
1956
What was the reason for the arrest of 156 people in 1956 including the whole ANC leadership and leaders of most other opposition groups?
Charge of high treason, all had attended signing of the Freedom Charter in Kliptown
What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on amount of land?
not enough land to support all Africans
When did the potato boycott start and why?
1957, to protest at harsh working conditions
When did the potato boycott end and why?
1959, as farmers improved working conditions
What led to the Zeerust uprising?
Government required imposition of passes for women in Zeerust area, but the chief wouldn’t enforce and was dismissed
When did Verwoerd become prime minister of SA and why?
1958, following death of Strijdom
In the 1958 election, approximately how many seats was the National Party majority?
> 50
When was PAC formed?
1959
What were the key differences between PAC and ANC in respect of non-Africans?
- PAC only worked with Africans;
- PAC wanted whites to be expelled from SA
What did the 1959 Bantu Self-Government Act do and why?
- set up 8 self-governing homelands
- removed blacks from statistics so whites now largest group in SA
When did the actual Treason Trial start and how many defendants were there by that point?
1959; 30 defendants
What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on quality of land?
land should be improved eg to stop soil erosion (“betterment” policies)
What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on industry?
should increase industry near them (so could provide employment)
What was the key difference between PAC and ANC politically?
PAC opposed communism
What did the ANC believe about apartheid versus other anti-colonial struggles?
Unlike PAC, it believed it was unique.
What did the Basic Policy say about African wealth?
Africans had right to wealth and prosperity of Africa.
What did the Basic Policy say about unity?
Africans should unite as group not split by tribe.
