1948-59

Question 1

Which Act limited Africans to tribal reserves of 7% of the country?

Answer 1

1913 Native Land Act

Question 2

What did the 1923 Urban Areas Act bring in?

Answer 2

requirement for Africans to live in townships if in white areas

Question 3

Which Act allowed tribal reserves to be extended to 13.6% of SA?

Answer 3

1936 Native Trusts and Lands Act

Question 4

Who formed the ANC Youth League and when?

Answer 4

Walter Sisulu in 1944

Question 5

Name three members of the ANC Youth League.

Answer 5

Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Robert Sobukwe

Question 6

How was the SA population split in 1946?

Answer 6

Black African - 7.9m
White - 2.4m
Coloured - 0.9m
Indian -0.3m

Question 7

How many seats did the National and United Parties win at the 1948 election?

Answer 7

National Party 79 seats
United Party 71 seats

Question 8

When did the ANCYL create its Basic Policy?

Answer 8

1948

Question 9

What did the Basic Policy say about working with non-Africans?

Answer 9

Africans should accept help of other sympathetic groups

Question 10

When was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act?

Answer 10

1949

Question 11

When was the Population Registration Act and what was the key change?

Answer 11

1950: everyone designated racial category

Question 12

Which 1950 act prohibited sex between races?

Answer 12

Immorality Act

Question 13

Which Act introduced banning orders?

Answer 13

1950 Suppression of Communism Act

Question 14

How was communism defined in the Suppression of Communism Act?

Answer 14

“any scheme aimed at bringing about any political and social and economic change by the promotion of disturbance and disorder”

Question 15

Which Act allowed the government to designate areas to races?

Answer 15

1950 Group Areas Act

Question 16

What were the two planned stages of the 1951 Defiance Campaign?

Answer 16

1. local protests by breaking law, eg not carrying passes, so getting arrested
2. nationwide strikes and protests

Question 17

When and how were Bantustans introduced?

Answer 17

1951 through the Bantu Authorities Act

Question 18

What two key laws did the National Laws Amendment Act bring in?

Answer 18

• introduced reference books (and abolished the various passes in different areas)
• all non-whites (including women for first time) must carry pass book to enter white areas

Question 19

Which Act allowed the government to call a state of emergency for one year and then renew indefinitely?

Answer 19

1953 Public Safety Act

Question 20

Which Act stated that anyone accompanying a person found guilty of crime would also be assumed guilty unless could prove innocent?

Answer 20

1953 Criminal Law Amendment Act

Question 21

What happened in Sophiatown in 1953?

Answer 21

Mixed race residents of this “blackspot” were removed by force and moved to a new township, Meadowlands. Sophiatown was demolished and replaced with white suburb Triomf.

Question 22

What was a “Blackspot”?

Answer 22

an area outside officially designated African area but where Africans had managed to acquire land

Question 23

Where and when was the Freedom Charter agreed?

Answer 23

1955 in Kliptown

Question 24

What was the key demand of the Freedom Charter?

Answer 24

equal rights for all

Question 25

What Act of censorship banned imported publications if they were considered to be “indecent or obscene or on any ground whatsoever objectionable”

Answer 25

Customs and Excise Act 1955

Question 26

Which Act banned meetings that might engender hostility between races?

Answer 26

1956 Riotous Assemblies Act

Question 27

When did coloured lose the right to vote?

Answer 27

1956

Question 28

What was the reason for the arrest of 156 people in 1956 including the whole ANC leadership and leaders of most other opposition groups?

Answer 28

Charge of high treason, all had attended signing of the Freedom Charter in Kliptown

Question 29

What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on amount of land?

Answer 29

not enough land to support all Africans

Question 30

When did the potato boycott start and why?

Answer 30

1957, to protest at harsh working conditions

Question 31

When did the potato boycott end and why?

Answer 31

1959, as farmers improved working conditions

Question 32

What led to the Zeerust uprising?

Answer 32

Government required imposition of passes for women in Zeerust area, but the chief wouldn’t enforce and was dismissed

Question 33

When did Verwoerd become prime minister of SA and why?

Answer 33

1958, following death of Strijdom

Question 34

In the 1958 election, approximately how many seats was the National Party majority?

Answer 34

> 50

Question 35

When was PAC formed?

Answer 35

1959

Question 36

What were the key differences between PAC and ANC in respect of non-Africans?

Answer 36

• PAC only worked with Africans;
• PAC wanted whites to be expelled from SA

Question 37

What did the 1959 Bantu Self-Government Act do and why?

Answer 37

• set up 8 self-governing homelands
• removed blacks from statistics so whites now largest group in SA

Question 38

When did the actual Treason Trial start and how many defendants were there by that point?

Answer 38

1959; 30 defendants

Question 39

What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on quality of land?

Answer 39

land should be improved eg to stop soil erosion (“betterment” policies)

Question 40

What conclusion did the Tomlinson Committee report on Bantustans reach on industry?

Answer 40

should increase industry near them (so could provide employment)

Question 41

What was the key difference between PAC and ANC politically?

Answer 41

PAC opposed communism

Question 42

What did the ANC believe about apartheid versus other anti-colonial struggles?

Answer 42

Unlike PAC, it believed it was unique.

Question 43

What did the Basic Policy say about African wealth?

Answer 43

Africans had right to wealth and prosperity of Africa.

Question 44

What did the Basic Policy say about unity?

Answer 44

Africans should unite as group not split by tribe.