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Britain > 1951 - 1964 > Flashcards

1951 - 1964 Flashcards

1
Q

CONSERVATIVES IN OFFICE

Churchill government dates

A

1951 - 1955

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2
Q

CONSERVATIVES IN OFFICE

Eden government dates

A

1955 - 1957

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3
Q

CONSERVATIVES IN OFFICE

Macmillan government dates

A

1957 - 1963

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4
Q

CONSERVATIVES IN OFFICE

Douglas-Home government dates

A

1963 - 1964

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5
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: conservative strengths

What were Conservatives able to do following their post war defeat?

A

Make significant improvements to their party from 1945 - 1951

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6
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: conservative strengths

Who was key to the remodelling of Conservative policies?

A

Rab Butler, informed the public that the tories would not reverse the reforms introduced by Labour

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7
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: conservative strengths

What was the Conservative election campaign heavily based on?

A

That there would be a period of consolidation after years of innovation

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8
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: conservative strengths

Why were young new members recruited?

A

To contrast Labour’s aged cabinet

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9
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: conservative strengths

What did the Conservatives promise to do?

A

Put an end to rationing and build more houses

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10
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: Labour’s weaknesses

What was Charmley’s argument?

A

Labour was ‘exhausted in mind, body and manifesto commitments’. Many of Labour’s integral cabinet ministers had been in office since 1940, and a decade later were straining under the torment of post war crisises that plagued Britain

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11
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: Labour’s weaknesses

What did Labour lack?

A

New policy ideas

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12
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION: Labour’s weaknesses

Describe some of the financial consequences of entering the Korean War

A

Bevin quit in rage over the threat of prescription prices, meaning the party appeared divided

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13
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION

How many votes and seats did the Conservatives win?

A

13,717,538

321 seats

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14
Q

THE 1951 ELECTION

How many votes and seats did Labour win?

A

13,948,605 votes

295 seats

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15
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

At what age was Churchill when he became PM for the second time?

A

77

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16
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

If Churchill seemed to represent the past then what did the young Queen Elizabeth seem to represent?

A

The future

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17
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What was there much talk of?

A

A new Elizabethan age

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18
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What was Churchill’s government?

A

Very much his own creation and in some ways harked back to his own post war coalition

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19
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What was Churchill’s political outlook after he became PM?

A

Cautious, conciliatory and undogmatic. He had proclaimed in an election address October 1951: ‘what we need is a period of steady stable administration… a period of healing and revival’.

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20
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What was Churchill’s government a general continuation of?

A

Labour’s welfare state

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21
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What did Churchill make clear?

A

There would be no attempt to repeat the 1946 trading act

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22
Q

CHURCHILL AS PM

What were the years 1951 - 1955 a time of for industry?

A

Industrial peace

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23
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What had most of the Conservatives accepted?

A

Many of the reforms of the previous Labour government

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24
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What did the war years make clear?

A

People wanted the welfare state to continue

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25
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Define post war consensus

A

A great deal of agreement between all of the major political parties: belief in the mixed economy, support for the NHS and welfare state, a wish to ensure full employment, working w both trade unions and employers

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26
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What did the Churchill government manifesto commit to in terms of housing?

A

They committed to building 300,000 houses a year, overseen by Macmillan

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27
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Describe the three different sections of education

A

Grammar school: for the intellectually gifted
Technical school: concentrate on more practical nd vocational skills
Secondary modern: would give basic education to the majority

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28
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

How was it decided which school students would go to?

A

The 11+ test

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29
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

When was the Clean Air Act passed?

A

1956

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30
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What did the housing and factory acts aimed to improve?

A

Living and working conditions

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31
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Describe the dates in which rationing was ended

A

1952: many items stopped being rationed
1953: the end of sugar rationing
1954: the end of meat rationing

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32
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Describe the detonation of the first atomic bomb

A

Operation hurricane, Britain became third nuclear power after the US and USSR

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33
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

When was accession and what did it mean for the country?

A

2nd of June 1953, a new Elizabethan age, a sense of dynamic modernity without relinquishing reverence for the past

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34
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Who was Churchill’s chancellor?

A

Butler

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35
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Who did Butler hold similar views to and what did this show?

A

Labour MP Hugh Gaitskell (Butskellism), showed a growing consensus between the two parties

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36
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Did Harold Macmillan succeed with building houses?

A

Yes in 1953, a year ahead of schedule

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37
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Define a mixed economy

A

An economic system combining private and state enterprise

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38
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

Give examples of nationalised enterprise

A

NHS, bus services, railways

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39
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What was the only company to be denationalised?

A

Steel

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40
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What were the agreed upon five giants in the Beveridge report?

A

Want, disease, ignorance, squalor, idleness

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41
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

When did the Korean War end?

A

July 27th 1953

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42
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What was the impact of the end of the Korean War?

A

A reduction in defence spending resultantly benefiting the economy

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43
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What was so significant about the coronation in terms of TV?

A

It was the first great state occasion televised

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44
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

What did the coronation generate?

A

An abundance of patriotic images

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45
Q

CHURCHILL GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC POLICIES

When did ITV open?

A

1957

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46
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

Did the Conservatives gain seats?

A

Yes

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47
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

Why was it astonishing that the Conservatives gained seats?

A

They were the first party to do so in 90 years

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48
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

What was unemployment in 1955?

A

1%

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49
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

How much did the Conservatives knock off income tax?

A

Sixpence

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50
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

Why was there an upbeat national mood?

A
  • Coronation
  • 4 minute mile
  • Ashes
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51
Q

THE 1955 GENERAL ELECTION

What had the government enjoyed?

A

4 years of quiet, public success

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52
Q

ANTHONY EDEN

What was Eden’s previous role?

A

Foreign secretary, anti appeasement

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53
Q

MACMILLAN

Was Macmillan more left or right?

A

Left

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54
Q

MACMILLAN

Who was he MP for and why was it significant?

A

Stockton on Tees - saw first hand the widespread distress and unemployment of the ‘great slump’

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55
Q

THE PROFUMO AFFAIR

Where was Profumo introduced to Christine Keeler?

A

At a party at the country estate of Lord Astor

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56
Q

THE PROFUMO AFFAIR

Who introduced Profumo to Keeler?

A

Dr Stephen Ward, an osteopath, with connections to the aristocracy and underworld

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57
Q

THE PROFUMO AFFAIR

Who was Keeler’s lover?

A

Russian military attaché Eugene Ivanof

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58
Q

THE PROFUMO AFFAIR

What did Profumo do when asked about it?

A

Lie to parliament, then resigned 10 weeks later when evidence became to large

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59
Q

THE PROFUMO AFFAIR

Why did Ward kill himself?

A

He was being trialled for his involvement in the scandal

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60
Q

VASSAL INQUIRY

Who was Vassal?

A

A homosexual Soviety spy linked with some junior ministers

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61
Q

VASSAL INQUIRY

What did the government do?

A

Appoint an investigator, found he was spying for the Soviets. Rumours senior administration trying to protect him.

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62
Q

VASSAL INQUIRY

What did this inquiry suggest?

A

The government wasn’t in control of it’s own departments

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63
Q

KIM PHILBY

Who was Philby?

A

A senior official in the foreign office who had been passing information to the Soviets

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64
Q

KIM PHILBY

Where did he flee to?

A

Moscow

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65
Q

KIM PHILBY

What did this case show?

A

The government were failing to spot traitors in the heart of the establishment

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66
Q

ARGYLL DIVORCE CASE

Why did the Duke of Argyll want to divorce his wife?

A

On grounds of adultery - polaroid’s showing she was sleeping with cabinet ministers

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67
Q

ARGYLL DIVORCE CASE

What did the Duchess become known as?

A

The dirty duchess

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68
Q

ARGYLL DIVORCE CASE

What was never mentioned during the case?

A

Details of the Duke’s infidelity

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69
Q

CONSERVATIVE SCANDALS

What did the scandals show about Macmillan?

A

He was losing political grip, ridiculous

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70
Q

CONSERVATIVE SCANDALS

Where were the scandals published?

A

Times, not just in the tabloids

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71
Q

THE BIG FREEZE

When was the big freeze?

A

62 - 63, 10 weeks

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72
Q

THE BIG FREEZE

What did the big freeze cause?

A

Loss of power and heating

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73
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

By 1951 had empire retreat already begun?

A

Yes

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74
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

What became harder to contain?

A

Pressure of colonial movements, despite British leaders believing they could manage a gradual transition from empire to a new commonwealth

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75
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

What was the Mau Mau rebellion?

A

A revolt in Kenya

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76
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

What did revelations of brutal captive treatment do?

A

Damage Britain’s reputation

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77
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

Before 1960, what was Britain’s imperialist aim?

A

Defeat nationalist revolts and maintain African colonies

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78
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When and where was Macmillan’s winds of change speech?

A

3rd of February 1960, Cape Town

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79
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

What did the winds of change speech highlight?

A

A significant change in policy calling for decolonization and a recognition of independence movements

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80
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

Was there domestic opposition to the loss of empire?

A

No

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81
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

How many colonies were lost between January 1957 to October 1964?

A

20

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82
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

Was the process of decolonization carried out well?

A

Yes, in comparison to other European powers

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83
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When was Cyprus granted independence?

A

1960

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84
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When was Ghana granted independence?

A

1957

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85
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When was Jamaica granted independence?

A

1962

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86
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When was Kenya granted independence?

A

1963

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87
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

How many voluntary states did the commonwealth have?

A

54

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88
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

When did India gain independence?

A

1947

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89
Q

THE DECLINE OF THE BE

Between 1945 - 65, what did the amount of people living under British rule fall to?

A

700 million to 5 million

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90
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What was there in Europe after WW2?

A

Significant movement towards mutual co-operation

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91
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What were European powers suspicious of?

A

Britain’s special relationship with America

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92
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What were the conferences and treaties which set up the EEC?

A

International conference, Messina 1955

Treaty of Rome, 1957

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93
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What countries initially made up the EEC?

A

France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, Italy, and the Netherlands

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94
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

Who were the main countries in the EEC?

A

Germany and France

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95
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What did Germany want to improve?

A

It’s tarnished reputation and prove it had wholly thrown off Nazism

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96
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

Why did other countries join in regards to Germany?

A

To gain economic benefits, ‘guilt ridden neighbour’

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97
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

Why did Britain not join the EEC?

A
  • Fatally undermine standing as an independent sovereign state
  • Didn’t want to jeopardize special relationship with America
  • Germany and France lost the war whereas Britain was a winner
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98
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

When did Britain submit an application?

A

1961

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99
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

Why did Britain submit an application?

A
  • To boost industrial production for the large scale export market
  • Increase industrial efficiency
  • Stimulate economic growth with the rapid expansion already seen in the EEC
  • USA wanted to improve it’s own relationship with Europe
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100
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

Why did the French veto the application?

A

They feared they would lose influence if Britain joined

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101
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What did the fear of the Soviet Union spur?

A

A negative foil for which Western consolidation could take place

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102
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What did the left think about the EEC?

A

It was a capitalist club

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103
Q

BRITAIN AND EUROPE

What did the right want?

A

Closer commonwealth ties

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104
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Eden’s trait which led to his political downfall?

A

He was anti appeasement

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105
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

When was the Suez canal opened in Egypt?

A

1869

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106
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Why was the Suez canal important to Britain?

A

It provided a shorter route to it’s empire and a shorter sea route to the oilfields of the middle east

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107
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

By 1950, what percentage of Western oil passed through the canal?

A

80%

108
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Britain heavily involved in?

A

Controlling the canal, and also defending it during both world wars

109
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Egypt to Britain?

A

A British protectorate but was increasingly becoming an independent nation

110
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Since 1952, who was Egypt’s president?

A

Colonel Nasser

111
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Why did Nasser fall out with Western leaders?

A

He approached the soviet bloc for financial aid, so Western leaders withdrew their loans

112
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What did Nasser do in response to Western leaders withdrawing loans?

A

In 1956 he announced he was going to nationalize the Suez canal as a way of raising funds

113
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Why were the British furious with Nasser’s plan?

A

Losing control of the canal was a deadly blow to Britain’s economic and strategic position. The imperialist policies of Nasser were seen as threatening Western interests.

114
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Eden convinced about Nasser?

A

He was another fascist dictator, such as the ones he had to deal with in the 1930s

115
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What did Eden create?

A

A Canal Users Association, France, Britain and America

116
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What happened when Britain pushed manners to the UN?

A

Proved fruitless because the Soviets used their veto

117
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Who supported Eden with his outrage at Nasser’s actions?

A

French: resentful about Arab nationalists in French Algeria
Israel: Egypt had become a major base for terrorist attacks on them

118
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Who did Eden hope would also support him?

A

The Americans, led by President Eisenhower

119
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

When did Eden orchestrate his plan with France and Israel?

A

October 1956 - Israel would invade Egypt, Britain and France would step in as mediators and then take back the canal

120
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Who did Eden hide the plans from?

A

Parliament and the Americans

121
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

Who did Eden hide the plans from?

A

Parliament and the Americans

122
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

When did the Israelis attack, and was the plan militarily successful?

A

29th of October, and it was

123
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What followed Eden’s actions?

A

A storm of political protest in Britain, a UN emergency debate, and fury from president Eisenhower

124
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What did the US do in response to Eden?

A

Heavy financial pressure, Eden and Eisenhower had an argument over the phone

125
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What did the Soviets threaten?

A

Rocket strikes

126
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What were the economic effects of the Suez crisis?

A

Had to apply for a UN loan, which the Americans refused to back unless they withdrew.

127
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

When did the British withdraw?

A

On the 6th of November 1956

128
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What did Suez highlight about post war Britain?

A

They could no longer act independently

129
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Eden haunted by?

A

The shame of Munich

130
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What became increasingly difficult after Suez?

A

Balancing the imperatives of domestic and foreign policy

131
Q

THE SUEZ CRISIS

What was Macmillan?

A

The revival of American confidence after Suez

132
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

Who did Macmillan form close relationships with?

A

Eisenhower and Kennedy

133
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When was the Berlin airlift?

A

1948 - 1949

134
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

Describe the Korean War

A

Cold war tensions led to the outbreak of hostilities in Korea, the Communist North invaded the South. UN sent out forces, Britain the largest military provider after the US.

135
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When was the first atomic bomb test in Britain?

A

1952

136
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When was the first hydrogen bomb tested?

A

1957

137
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When was the CND formed?

A

1958

138
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When did the Labour party hold a conference in support of nuclear disarment?

A

1960

139
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

When did Britain abandon the independent Blue Streak missile?

A

1960

140
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE USA AND USSR

What missile did Britain become dependant on?

A

The US polari missile

141
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

How much had exports increased by 1951?

A

29%

142
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

What was there a rise in?

A

Real wages

143
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

What did end of rationing mean?

A

An increase in trade

144
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

When was full employment achieved?

A

1955

145
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

What did full employment lead to?

A

An increase in real wages and a tax cut, causing consumerism

146
Q

THE POST WAR BOOM

What did Churchill try to rebuild Britain as, but what hampered it?

A

As a modern, competitive, industrial economy but hampered themselves in the running of a welfare state and maintaining an expensive military defence programme

147
Q

ECONOMY

How much money did Britain receive in Marshall aid?

A

$2.7 billion

148
Q

ECONOMY

What did the Suez crisis highlight?

A

How Britain didn’t have the money to act independently anymore. Relied more on America as financial weaknesses were exposed.

149
Q

ECONOMY

What policy did the conservatives adopt?

A

The stop-go policy

150
Q

ECONOMY

What was a positive of stop go economics?

A

The economy never hit extreme highs or extreme lows, maintained steady rates of employment

151
Q

ECONOMY

What are some negatives of stop-go policies?

A

Budget politics which hinder the economic cycle
The stop go policy meant Britain was stuck in a post war consensus, meaning there was no move to modernise Britain’s economy.

152
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

Describe 1951 - 1959

A

The highpoint of the decades affluence

153
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

When did Macmillan deliver the ‘never had it so good speech’, and what did it mean?

A

1957, warning this level is impossible to maintain because of stop go economics

154
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What did the government need to apply for in 1961?

A

An IMF loan to keep down inflation

155
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

When was the National Economic Development council set up?

A

1961

156
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What was NEDDY set up for?

A

To plan economic growth

157
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What was established in 1962?

A

A national incomes commission to manage wages and prices

158
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What report cut public expenditure?

A

The beeching report

159
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What was the deficit in 1964?

A

£800 million

160
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What did Macmillan’s pay pause mean?

A

He lost favour with the middle class

161
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What did opinion polls about Macmillan show?

A

A steady decline in his popularity

162
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What happened in the summer of 1957?

A

The Thorneycroft economic crisis

163
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

Define key aspects of the Thorneycroft economic crisis

A
  • Inflation rising

- A run on the pound

164
Q

‘SUPERMAC’ AND THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY

What was the night of long knives?

A

A major cabinet reshuffle to hide to sacking of Selwyn Lloyd - ‘a little local difficulty’

165
Q

RESPONSES TO THE CONSERVATIVES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY

Had Britain become more rich?

A

Yes

166
Q

RESPONSES TO THE CONSERVATIVES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY

Did the gap between rich and poor widen?

A

Yes

167
Q

RESPONSES TO THE CONSERVATIVES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY

What quality of life was improving for everyone?

A

The material

168
Q

RESPONSES TO THE CONSERVATIVES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY

What did a great majority of the poor now have?

A

Access to resources their forbearers couldn’t have imagined

169
Q

STOP-GO POLICY

Who opposed stop go economics?

A

Cabinet members such as Enoch Powell and Thorneycroft, for monetarianism instead

170
Q

STOP-GO POLICY

Who opposed stop go economics?

A

Cabinet members such as Enoch Powell and Thorneycroft, for monetarianism instead

171
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did the economist Sidney Pollard say?

A

The stop-go cycle encouraged imports at the cost of exports and created a downward spiral making Britain’s continued relative economic decline inevitable

172
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What does the economist Corelli Barnett argue?

A

Lack of investment in modern equipment and failure to restructure shows a decline

173
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did Michael Surrey argue about stop-go economics?

A

It created a stable framework of full employment, a stable exchange rate and economic growth

174
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

Between 51 and 73 what did the British economy grow at per annum?

A

2.8%, higher than the interwar period

175
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What was the average rate of inflation?

A

3.8%

176
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did infant mortality decrease by?

A

A half

177
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did life expectancy rise by in men?

A

66.4 - 69.2

178
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did life expectancy for women rise to?

A

71.5 - 75.6

179
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did average weekly earnings rise from?

A

£7.83 to £41.52

180
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did percentage owning washing machines rise to?

A

7.5% - 66.9%

181
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

What did ownership of refrigerators increase to?

A

3.2% to 68%

182
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

Which countries had a higher GDP than Britain?

A

Italy, W.Germany, France

183
Q

THE BRITISH ECONOMY 1951 - 64

A
184
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

Why did living standards rise?

A

The post war boom

185
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

What was cleared up and rebuilt?

A

War slums

186
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

What could ordinary people now afford?

A

Middle class lifestyles

187
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

What did car ownership increase to?

A

2.5 million to 3.5 million

188
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

Give an example of a new town built

A

Harlow in Essex

189
Q

RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

What did mens real wages increase to by 1961 from 1951?

A

£8.35 to £15.35

190
Q

IMPACTS OF AFFLUENCE AND CONSUMERISM

What was there a surge in?

A

Ownership of consumer goods, such as cars

191
Q

IMPACTS OF AFFLUENCE AND CONSUMERISM

Give the name of the holiday camp opened up

A

Butlins

192
Q

IMPACTS OF AFFLUENCE AND CONSUMERISM

What percentage watched evening TV?

A

50%

193
Q

IMPACTS OF AFFLUENCE AND CONSUMERISM

What was the 50s for social mobility?

A

A golden age

194
Q

IMPACTS OF AFFLUENCE AND CONSUMERISM

Describe negatives of social mobility

A
  • Disparity between North and South

- 1/3 of semi skimmed ur unskilled children had to leave school at a young age to contribute to family income

195
Q

CAR OWNERSHIP

What was built in 1958?

A

M1

196
Q

CAR OWNERSHIP

How many miles of new road were built by 1963?

A

1200 miles

197
Q

CLASS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

Before 1950s what was there for authority?

A

An ingrained respect for authority, deference

198
Q

CLASS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

What did Suez expose?

A

Blatant government lies

199
Q

CLASS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

What did the ‘old boys network’ do?

A

Blocked talent outside of the establishment

200
Q

CLASS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

Did Britain remain overly hostile?

A

Yes, but resentment grew

201
Q

DECLINE IN DEFERENCE

What was Profumo highlighted by?

A

The press

202
Q

DECLINE IN DEFERENCE

Give two examples of rise in satire

A

1961 ‘private eye’

1962 ‘the week that was’

203
Q

DECLINE IN DEFERENCE

What was there of public figures?

A

Satirising and lampooning, such as Macmillan in ‘beyond the fringe’

204
Q

SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND TENSIONS

Was there still division amongst social class?

A

Yes

205
Q 
SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND TENSIONS
Did people desire to go back to pre war class ways?
A

Yes

206
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What were women mainly?

A

Housewives

207
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

Were women financially dependant on their husbands?

A

Yes, largely

208
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What improved the lives of women?

A

Labour saving devices

209
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What percentage of women married by 21?

A

75%

210
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What percentage of women worked?

A

20%

211
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What did the war act as?

A

A catalyst for social change

212
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What were female wages in comparison to men?

A

1/3 that of men

213
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

What did women tend to work for?

A

Pin money

214
Q

THE POSITION OF WOMEN

Were there any female MPs?

A

A tiny minority

215
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

Give an example of racist signs on public spaces

A

‘No irish, no blacks, no dogs’

216
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

When were the Nottinghill riots?

A

1958

217
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

What did the Nottinghill riots do?

A

Bought racial violence to national attention, an issue many politicians wanted to ignore

218
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

How many migrants had arrived from the commonwealth by 1951?

A

5000

219
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

What did Churchill say?

A

The PM thinks - ‘keep england white’

220
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

What bill did RA Butler introduce in 1961?

A

The commonwealth immigration bill

221
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

What did the commonwealth immigration bill require?

A

Immigrants to hold work permits or an employment voucher; ended the open door policy

222
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

How many immigrants were there by 1961?

A

100,000

223
Q

RACE AND IMMIGRATION

In what institutions was there colour based prejudice?

A

Church, clubs, bars, accomodation, employment

224
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

What did young people have?

A

More money to spend

225
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

Were teenagers frowned upon?

A

Yes

226
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

Describe the ‘angry young men’

A

Coined by the times, novelists and dramatists who gave a voice to the youth

227
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

Why did young people have more free time?

A

The end of national service 1960

228
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

Give three examples of big musicians

A

Cliff Richards, Elvis, beginnings of bettlemania

229
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

What were teenagers for Britain’s rising crime rates?

A

An easy scapegoat

230
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

Give three examples of teenage groups

A

Teddy boys, Rockers, and mods

231
Q

COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS

N. Wales

A

1954

232
Q

COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS

S. London

A

1956

233
Q

COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS

Wales

A

1958

234
Q

COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS

N. London

A

1959

235
Q

THE NOTTINGHILL RIOTS

What was Nottinghill home to?

A

A large number of the windrush generation

236
Q

THE NOTTINGHILL RIOTS

What did the windrush generation hold?

A

The political validity of a British citizen but with differences in appearance and culture

237
Q

THE NOTTINGHILL RIOTS

How did the Nottinghill riots start?

A

A dispute between a West Indian man Raymon Morrison and his white Swedish wife Majbritt outside an underground station. A white man defending the woman entered into a scuffle with some of Raymon’s friends

238
Q

THE NOTTINGHILL RIOTS

What happened on the 30th of August?

A

Majbritt was attacked by teddy boys for being w an afro carribean man. 300 teddy boys armed themselves with knives and attacked afro caribbean homes and businesses.

239
Q

THE NOTTINGHILL RIOTS

What was the effects of the Nottinghill riots?

A

108 men arrested during the riots: 77 white and 36 black

Tainted Britain’s moral reputation

240
Q

KELSO COCHRANE

What happened to this man?

A

Murdered by teddy boys in Kensington

241
Q

KELSO COCHRANE

What did this murder show?

A

Systematic racism in the police force, in response the Notting Hill carnival set up to celebrate carribean culture

242
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

Who was the Labour leader after Atlee?

A

Gaitskell - beginning to look more the part as a leader

243
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

When did Gaitskell die?

A

January 1963, rumours he was victim to a KGB plot

244
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

Who succeeded Gaitskell?

A

Harold Wilson, defeated George Brown and James Callaghan in leadership elections

245
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

What did Wilson bypass?

A

Many of the old Labour disagreements such as clause IV and nationalisation, instead harnessing the name of science to his cause

246
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

What did Wilson make Labour seem like?

A

A down to earth, modernising party in comparison to the old school tie, grouse shooting Conservatives

247
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

What did Wilson call for?

A

A second industrial revolution and for a Ministry of Technology to be set up. Fitted with the national word and there were comparisons with JFK in the USA

248
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

What was published in 1963?

A

The Robbins Report

249
Q

THE LABOUR REVIVAL

What did the Robbins Report strongly urge?

A

The need to promote scientific studies in British universities. Colleges of Advanced Technology recommended to become universities.

250
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did Labour carry out under Attlee?

A

The whole of it’s policy

251
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What was widely believed?

A

Labour would regroup in opposition and the conservatives would reveal their true colours

252
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did growing affluence cause?

A

A more revisional approach to Labour policies which they would try to implement after 1964

253
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What was Labour regrouping hindered by?

A

Conservative policies which were adopted from their own manifesto

254
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

Why did Conservatives gain some popularity?

A

For lifting controls on rationing - living standards improved

255
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What was Labour yet to decide?

A

Exactly what type of party it was

256
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did the left of the party argue for?

A

Greater commitment to state control and direction of the economy and society

257
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What were the left chafed by?

A

Attlees leadership, believing he should’ve led the party down a more radical path

258
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What represented the left’s train of thought, and what did they desire?

A

Bevantines - large trade unions

259
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What were many of the lefts?

A

Unilaterists. For some, they didn’t want to spend money on nuclear weapons when they could be helping the needy.

260
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What movement became associated with Labour?

A

The CND movement

261
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

As a party leader, what did Gaitskell resist?

A

Large trade unions and the lefts drive towards unilateralism

262
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did Gaitskell believe his victory over Bevan in the 1955 leadership election would do?

A

Give him the authority to steer away from policies which he felt would alienate the party from the electorate

263
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

Why was Labour widely believed of winning the 1959 election?

A

It was the first election held after Suez and the implications of budget politics

264
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did the Conservatives convey for the 1959 election?

A

They conveyed their government to be responsible for the period of economic recovery through propaganda - ‘british people never had it so good’ ‘don’t let labour ruin it’

265
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did Labour promise during the 1959 election?

A

Increased state pension - hurried and raised questions about financing

266
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

What did Gaitskell declare in 1962?

A

He publicly declared he was against Britain joining the EEC. Hardly appeared progressive and forward thinking.

267
Q

LABOUR IN OPPOSITION

How many seats did each party gain and lose in the 1959 election?

A

Labour lost 19, Conservatives won 21

Britain (6 decks)

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