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Year 12 History- Britain > 1914-1922 (The Impact of War)- Political (Politics in Wartime) > Flashcards

1914-1922 (The Impact of War)- Political (Politics in Wartime) Flashcards

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1
Q

When did people initially think the war would be over?

A

Christmas 1914

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2
Q

What was the only change made to the government at first (1914)?

A

Lord Kitchener made Secretary for War

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3
Q

What does ‘DORA’ stand for?

A

Defence of the Realm Act

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4
Q

When was DORA passed and why?

A

8th August 1914

So that the government could act quickly and without having to get an Act of Parliament to approve things

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5
Q

What 4 things did DORA control in 1914?

A
  • Control of information (censorship/spying)
  • Protection of all important centres of communication (e.g. railways/docks)
  • Regulation of all aspects of people’s lives (e.g. rationing, the opening/closing of pubs)
  • Detainment of people without trial
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6
Q

What 3 problems lead Asquith to accept to formation of an all party coalition (in April/May 1915)?

A
  • Government losing early support
  • War looked last lasting a long time
  • Military disaster at Gallipoli and the scandal over shell shortages had caused the gov to lose prestige
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7
Q

In the coalition government of 1915, who were put in the positions of:

  • Head of Colonial Office
  • Treasury
  • Minister of Munitions
A
  • Colonial Office= Bonar Law
  • Treasury= Balfour
  • Minister of Munitions= DLG
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8
Q

Why were many Liberals (and others) unhappy with the now interventionist position of the gov?

A

They did not like conscription as they believed the state threatened civil Liberties

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9
Q

What was the Maurice Debate?

A

When General Maurice (Director of Military Operations) said the gov had lied about the strength of the British Army

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10
Q

Why did DLG support the coalition?

A

Thought it was necessary as he understood the demand of total war upon the nation

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11
Q

Define ‘total war’?

A

Government uses all resources (military, economic and human) to win a war

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12
Q

When did Lord Kitchener die?

A

1916

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13
Q

Who succeed Kitchener as Secretary of War?

A

DLG

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14
Q

Give 3 reasons for government problems in 1916

A
  • Cons held no major positions (despite coalition)
  • Cons distrusted Asquith
  • Direction of war was hesitant and held back by disagreements
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15
Q

In 1916, the Cons totally withdrew their support for Asquith; who did they want to replace him as PM?

A

DLG

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16
Q

What were the 5 events in the crisis of December 1916?

A

3rd- Asquith resigns so war cabinet can be formed
4th-War Cabinet plan revealed by The Times; DLG resigns
6th-King George V invites Bonar Law to form gov; declines as he wants Asquith, but Asquith won’t accept
6th- DLG asked to be PM by King
7th- DLG forms gov after persuading enough Cons; Asquith and Liberal ministers resign

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17
Q

What were the initial plans for a War Cabinet?

A
  • Would consist of DLG, Boanr Law and Edward Carson

- Asquith wouldn’t be in WC, but would be PM

18
Q

How many people were in the new WC?

A

5

19
Q

Name something achieved by the WC?

A

More gov ministries set up for wartime needs (e.g. food, shipping)

20
Q

Post 1916, who did the Liberals see as their leader?

A

Asquith (despite DLG being PM)

21
Q

Who did DLG rely on for support?

A

Conservatives

22
Q

Why was Ramsay Macdonald heavily criticised in the press during the war?

A

He didn’t support it

23
Q

What 2 things did the Labour influence on the coalition achieve?

A
  • Fixed rent at pre-wartime prices

- Price controls introduced in 1917 to stabilise food prices

24
Q

Why did Labour end its support for DLG in 1917?

A

DLG refused to allow Arthur Henderson to attend the Stockholm Conference

25
Q

Who initiated the Stockholm Conference of 1917, and who attended?

A

New Russian Gov

All socialist parties from warring countries

26
Q

What did trade union membership increase to due to the war?

A

8m

27
Q

Give 3 points from the 1918 Labour party constitution

A
  • Executive 23 members would run party (elected annually)
  • Party to be composed of different groups (TUs, socialist societies etc.)
  • All Labour party members resigned from coalition at end of war
28
Q

Who was the key figure in the relationship between DLG and Cons?

A

Bonar Law

29
Q

Why was the 1918 election also called the ‘coupon election’?

A

Those who fought the election in support of the coalition were given a certificate from DLG and B-L (a coupon)

30
Q

Why did DLG believe a coalition post war would be a good thing?

A

Preserve unity and restore normality

31
Q

What was the main problem for the Liberals in the 1918 election?

A

Split into National Liberals (DLG) and Liberals (Asquith)

32
Q

How many seats did the Cons win in 1918?

A

344

33
Q

How many seats did Labour win in 1918?

A

142

34
Q

Which key figure lost their seat?

A

Asquith

35
Q

What 2 things benefited Cons most in 1918?

A
  • Consistent support of war (patriotic)

- Split of southern constituencies (typically their strongest regions)

36
Q

What 6 difficulties did DLG have to face post 1918?

A
  • Rising economic power of USA
  • Worries of growth of TUs
  • Divisions over Home Rule from 1914
  • Gov debt
  • Dislocation of trade/industry
  • Demobilising 5m men
37
Q

Name 4 Acts that aimed for reconstruction?

A
  • 1918 education act (school leaving age up to 14)
  • 1919 Addison Housing Act (ensure decent housing, 200k built)
  • 1920 Unemployment Act (cover 12m more workers)
  • 1920 Agricultural Act (maintained wartime prices for wheat/oats)
38
Q

What weakened DLG’s position?

A

When Bonar Law resigned due to ill health

39
Q

What was the ‘Honours Scandal’ 1922?

A

DLG accused of selling peerages to fund own party

40
Q

What was the Chanak Affair?

A

Accusing DLG of ordering GB troops without consulting coalition

41
Q

Who won the 1922 election?

A

Conservatives (330 seats) without DLG

42
Q

Who was now GB’s second party after 1922?

A

Labour (142 seats, to a combined 116 of DLG Libs+ Asquith Libs)

Year 12 History- Britain (12 decks)

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