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Year 12 History- Britain > 1906-1914 (The Liberal Crisis)- Challenges and Crises > Flashcards

1906-1914 (The Liberal Crisis)- Challenges and Crises Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the cause of the 1909-11 constitutional crisis?

A

Liberals dominated HoC- Conservatices dominated HoL

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2
Q

What was the 2 stages of the constitutional crisis?

A
  • 1909-10: People’s Budget

- 1910-11: Parliament act

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3
Q

Outline in 4 points the first constitutional crisis

A
  • 1909 People’s Budget angered the Tories who feared higher taxes on the rich
  • November 1909: HoL vetoed budget
  • Liberals said the Lords should have no say on money bills
  • Jan 1910 election called on the issues
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4
Q

What did the Liberals fight the Jan 1910 election on?

A

The idea that GB should be governed by elected MP’s, not HoL (peers vs the people)

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5
Q

What did the Conservatives say could raise the funds?

A

Tariffs on foreign imports

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6
Q

What did the Conservatives say the duty of the HoL was?

A

To restrain the government

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7
Q

How many seats did the Liberals win in the Jan 1910 election?

A

275

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8
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives win in the Jan 1910 election?

A

273

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9
Q

Who did the Liberals join forces with to ensure a majority in the HoC?

A

Irish Nationalists (who won 82 seats)

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10
Q

Why were the Irish Nationalists so keen to join forces with the Liberals?

A

They wanted to weaken the HoL to help pass through Irish Home Rule (the Lords opposed it)

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11
Q

Did the HoL pass the People’s Budget after the Jan 1910 election

A

Yes

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12
Q

What did the 1910 Parliament Bill propose?

A

That the HoL had no power to reject bills the HoC speaker said were money bills

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13
Q

Even though they couldn’t reject it, what would the HoL be able to do to money bills?

A

Delay them for up to 2 years

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14
Q

Why was this such an issue?

A

The HoC would easily pass it, but the HoL were extremely unlikely to pass a bill limiting their own powers

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15
Q

What did Asquith do to try and get the bill passed?

A

He appealed to King Edward VII to create enough Liberal peers to outvote the Conservatives in the HoC

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16
Q

What ruined this appeal?

A

King Edward VII died suddenly, and then King Edward VIII tried to get Liberals and Conservatives to reach a solution

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17
Q

When was the Constitutional Conference held?

A

Between June and Nov 1910

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18
Q

What did the Conservatives argue at the Constitutional Conference?

A

That the Lords hold the right to veto

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19
Q

What was a key reason why the Constitutional Conference broke down?

A

Asquith under strong Irish pressure to reject Conservative proposals

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20
Q

What did King Edward VIII promise to do if the Liberals won another general election?

A

Create enough Liberal peers to pass Parliament Bill

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21
Q

How many seats did the Liberals win in Dec 1910?

A

272

22
Q

How many seats did the Cons win in Dec 1910?

A

272

23
Q

Who did the Liberals rely upon to maintain a majority?

A

Labour and Irish Nationalists

24
Q

When the Parliament Bill was passed by the HoC in 1911, the HoL had to pass it to avoid being swamped with Liberal peers; what were the 3 groups that the HoL was divided into?

A
  • The rats: those who felt the Lords should cooperate
  • The hedgers: those undecided
  • The ditchers: those determined to oppose the bill
25
Q

Did the HoL pass the Bill?

A

Yes, and therefore they avoided being swamped by Liberal peers

26
Q

Give 4 impacts of the constitutional crises

A
  • HoL could only delay legislation
  • Liberals could move forward with reforms
  • Cons divided: Balfour resigned, Bonar Law succeeded
  • Britain now more democratic
27
Q

In 1906, what was Campbell-Bannerman’s and Asquith’s views on female franchise?

A

CB: half-hearted
A: Opposed

28
Q

Why were political parties sceptical towards giving females the vote?

A

They were unsure how they would vote

29
Q

Give 5 reasons why women’s emancipation was an issue

A
  • Liberals scared it would disadvantage the party
  • Social reforms of the Liberals were already taking up lots of Parliamentary time
  • 40% of working men still could not vote, and the Cons were against this
  • Belief that men and women operated in different spheres of society and had different roles
  • Even many women disagreed with female suffrage
30
Q

When were the NUWSS founded and who by?

A

1897 by Millicent Fawcett

31
Q

What methods did the NUWSS use?

A

Discussions, processions, petitions (ALL PEACEFUL)

32
Q

By 1914, how many members did the NUWSS have and how many societies were there?

A

500k members

400 societies

33
Q

When was the WSPU founded, who by, and why?

A

1903
Emmeline Pankhurst
Frustrated by lack of progress brought by NUWSS and its peaceful methods

34
Q

What was Black Friday (1910)?

A

Suffragettes storm HoC; police brutality followed

35
Q

What was the 1913 ‘Cat and Mouse Act’?

A

When suffragettes were imprisoned and went on hunger strike, it looked bad on the Gov; so they would release them, let them regain strength, then rearrest them

36
Q

Who in 1913 killed herself by throwing herself under the kings horse at the Derby?

A

Emily Davidson- her funeral became a political demonstration

37
Q

What did the ever increasing militancy of WSPU achieve for them?

A

Increased publicity for female emancipation

38
Q

What did many believe the militancy showed?

A

That women were not responsible enough to vote

39
Q

Post Dec 1910 election, who lead the Irish Nationalist MP’s in the HoC?

A

John Redmond

40
Q

When did the third Home Rule Bill begin moving through Parliament?

A

1912

41
Q

What did the Third Irish Home Rule Bill propose?

A

Irish Parliament to be established which would have control on Laws purely on Irish matters, but GB Parliament would keep control over foreign policy, defence, trade, pensions and national insurance

Ireland would also continue to send MP’s to Westminster

42
Q

Which party strongly opposed Home Rule, and who did they instead favour?

A

Conservatives

Ulster Unionists (Protestants of mainland descent living in north east of Ireland (Ulster) who favoured Ireland being British)

43
Q

How did the Cons attack the Liberals on the matter?

A

They said that it would be unconstitutional as it wasn’t an issue in either of the 1910 elections

44
Q

What did unionists in Ireland fear?

A

Discrimination due to Ireland (apart from Ulster) being a Catholic country

45
Q

Why was Ulster so key economically in Irish Home Rule?

A

It was the only industrialised part of Ireland, with large shipbuilding and textile industries

46
Q

Who led the fight against Home Rule?

A

Edward Carson

47
Q

What 3 things did Carson do in opposition to Home Rule?`

A
  • 1912:Drew up the Ulster Covenant, which thousands of Ulstermen signed, some even with their blood
  • 1913: set up Ulster Volunteer Force
  • 1914: Smuggled 30k rifles and 3m rounds of ammo into the Irish port of Larne; Bonar Law supported this, and the ‘Curragh Mutiny’ followed, where British soldiers at the Curragh base threatened to resign rather then fight against Home Rule resistance
48
Q

What did the Irish Nationalists do in response to the actions of the Ulster Unionists?

A

Created Irish Volunteers (a militia)

49
Q

What did the actions of both the Irish Nationalists and the Ulster Unionists cause?

A

Fear of an Irish civil war

50
Q

The Irish Home Rule Bill was set to become law in Autumn 1914; why did this not happen?

A

WW1 broke out- Irish Home Rule suspended

51
Q

Give 6 reasons for industrial unrest between 1910 and 1912?

A
  • Living costs in 1912 14% higher than 1906
  • Fall in unemployment from 1910; workers confronted employers more as they felt they could now
  • Education improvements made people more aware of class inequalities- gap widening between rich/poor
  • 1906 Trade Disputes Act removed restrain that unions were responsible for costs caused by strikes
  • Many unions had joined together into federations (e.g. Miners Federation)= they had more power
  • Labour party failed to negate strikes by using political measure instead as they didn’t have political strength to

Year 12 History- Britain (12 decks)

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