1905 Revolution consequences- Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Witte create?

A

October manifesto- 1905

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2
Q

What was the aim of the October manifesto?

A

To divide the opposition forces; liberals, workers and peasants.

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3
Q

What did the October manifesto provide for the liberals?

A
  • Legislative Duma.
  • Freedom of speech.
  • Legality for political parties to exist.
  • Legalising of trade unions.
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4
Q

Why wasn’t the October Manifesto actually effective?

A

Fundamental laws, April 1906.
‘No law can come into force without his approval’.

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5
Q

What was Stolypin’s position?

A

Chairman of the Council of Ministers
July, 1906

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6
Q

What was Stolypin’s motto?

A

‘Suppression first and then, and only then, reform’.

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7
Q

What were the two aspects to Stolypin’s suppression?

A
  • De-revolutionising the peasantry.
  • Wager on the strong.
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8
Q

Explain ‘De-revolutionising the peasantry’.

A

‘Stolypin’s neckties’.
Used terror to stop revolutionising.
Imposed field court martials.
1905, 10 executed. 1908, 825 executed.
BUT, did say outstanding mortgage repayments would be abolished.

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9
Q

Explain ‘Wager on the strong’.

A
  • Would be a Peasant Land Bank funding the peasants buying land.
  • Wanted to prevent the strip farming system, would turn peasant households into small farming units.
  • Would create ‘best peasants’.
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10
Q

Were Stolypin’s methods successful?

A

No, slow to respond. Said he would need 20 years, but was assassinated in 1911.
Only 10% of the land was made into farms.
Was trying to make change in a time of conservatism, peasants not willing to change ways.

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11
Q

What were the concessions for the workers?

A

None.
Used suppression, Sieged St. Petersburg Soviet headquarters, Trotsky was arrested and the Moscow Soviet headquarters were set on fire.

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12
Q

Brief overview of the Dumas:

A
  • Before first Duma met the Tsar, loaned from France to restrict financial control.
  • Fundamental laws.
  • Duma bi-cameral.
  • Duma had no real power.
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13
Q

Give examples of the growing unrest in Russia, 1911-14.

A
  • Number of political strikers by Ministry of Trade and Industry rose from 24 in 1911 to 2401 in 1914.
  • 17,000 acts of terrorism from revolutionaries.
  • Lena Goldfields incident, 1912. Siberia, miners wanted better pay and conditions, troops fired on the miners.
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14
Q

What was the Russian economy like after Witte?

A
  • Stolypin’s successes were part of the ‘industrial boom’, yet Stolypin worked under a trade recession.
  • 1911-14, Moscow population increased by 2 million.
  • Inflation grew 40% and roubles only increased 245-264 a month.
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