1905 Revolution consequences- Unit 1

Question 1

What did Witte create?

Answer 1

October manifesto- 1905

Question 2

What was the aim of the October manifesto?

Answer 2

To divide the opposition forces; liberals, workers and peasants.

Question 3

What did the October manifesto provide for the liberals?

Answer 3

• Legislative Duma.
• Freedom of speech.
• Legality for political parties to exist.
• Legalising of trade unions.

Question 4

Why wasn’t the October Manifesto actually effective?

Answer 4

Fundamental laws, April 1906.
‘No law can come into force without his approval’.

Question 5

What was Stolypin’s position?

Answer 5

Chairman of the Council of Ministers
July, 1906

Question 6

What was Stolypin’s motto?

Answer 6

‘Suppression first and then, and only then, reform’.

Question 7

What were the two aspects to Stolypin’s suppression?

Answer 7

• De-revolutionising the peasantry.
• Wager on the strong.

Question 8

Explain ‘De-revolutionising the peasantry’.

Answer 8

‘Stolypin’s neckties’.
Used terror to stop revolutionising.
Imposed field court martials.
1905, 10 executed. 1908, 825 executed.
BUT, did say outstanding mortgage repayments would be abolished.

Question 9

Explain ‘Wager on the strong’.

Answer 9

• Would be a Peasant Land Bank funding the peasants buying land.
• Wanted to prevent the strip farming system, would turn peasant households into small farming units.
• Would create ‘best peasants’.

Question 10

Were Stolypin’s methods successful?

Answer 10

No, slow to respond. Said he would need 20 years, but was assassinated in 1911.
Only 10% of the land was made into farms.
Was trying to make change in a time of conservatism, peasants not willing to change ways.

Question 11

What were the concessions for the workers?

Answer 11

None.
Used suppression, Sieged St. Petersburg Soviet headquarters, Trotsky was arrested and the Moscow Soviet headquarters were set on fire.

Question 12

Brief overview of the Dumas:

Answer 12

• Before first Duma met the Tsar, loaned from France to restrict financial control.
• Fundamental laws.
• Duma bi-cameral.
• Duma had no real power.

Question 13

Give examples of the growing unrest in Russia, 1911-14.

Answer 13

• Number of political strikers by Ministry of Trade and Industry rose from 24 in 1911 to 2401 in 1914.
• 17,000 acts of terrorism from revolutionaries.
• Lena Goldfields incident, 1912. Siberia, miners wanted better pay and conditions, troops fired on the miners.

Question 14

What was the Russian economy like after Witte?

Answer 14

• Stolypin’s successes were part of the ‘industrial boom’, yet Stolypin worked under a trade recession.
• 1911-14, Moscow population increased by 2 million.
• Inflation grew 40% and roubles only increased 245-264 a month.