1900-2010(4.4 Immigration as a political issue) Flashcards
What was the EEC and when did Britain join?
Europen Economic Community on 1st January 1973
What did the Britain membership mean?
> that people from other EU countries were allowed to work and settle here
free movement of trade
Why did EU membership cause a rise in immigration?
> because they could travel freely
What other factor caused a rise in immigration?
> collapse of communism
Why is it significant that immigrants were no longer predominantly living in big cities?
> no shipping industry and migrants went everywhere so in >attitudes changed the cities it had been diverse for a long time and because immigrants began to settle everywhere in countryside as well
What happened in 2007 because who joined?
Controls imposed when Romania and Bulgaria joined and they had to have work permits and numbers were restricted for 7 years after they joined the EU
How many nations joined in 2004?
10 new nations joined in 2004 and the labour government adopted an open door policy
How many people moved to the UK by 2005?
300,000 and the majority from Poland
What was the 1993 asylum and immigration appeals act?
1993 and it made the definition of who could be accepted as a refugee much narrower
What was the 1996 asylum and immigration appeals act?
1996 it became a criminal offence for employers to hire migrants without a work permit
What was the 1999 Immigration and Asylum Act?
1999 replaced welfare benefit for asylum seeker with vouchers to buy food and essentials. They were forced to buy only in certain shops and the amount given each week was barely enough to live on
What was the 2002 Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act?
All those wanting leave to remain, or naturalisation as citizens had to pass a ‘life in the united kingdom’ test
What incident changed the world in 2001?
The attack on the World Trade Center in New York-the Twin Towers attack
What was the ‘War on Terror’ and when did it start?
> in 2003, the British Parliament voted to join the USA in an invasion of Iraq
George Bush called it the War of Terror with the aim of removing weapons of mass destruction
between 2003 and 2006, there were 151,000 deaths as a result of this war
What happend in London on 7th July 2005 and why?
4 suicide bombers killed 52 and injured 700 in terrorist attacks in London
The bombers blamed British involvement in the invasion of Iraq
How did Londoners respond to the 2005 attack?
They stressed the unity of citizens across cultures and religions coming together in grief
Why did the attack lead to a rise in Islamophobic incidents?
Because of the assumption that because of the minority
What are the BNP?
British National Party set up by former members of the National Front and they took up an anti-immigration stance in their campaigns
What are the EDL?
English Defence League
What tactics did the BNP and the EDL use?
They focused their organised marches through areas with large Muslim populations and groups like Unite Against Facism and Hope Not Hate protested in greater number to show there were more people against them than with them
What was the government’s prevent strategy?
In 2011 the governemnt launched it aiming to stop people becoming terrorists and focused on young Muslims-highly controversial
What does marginalised mean?
When people are excluded, ignored or treated as if they’re not important
What does extremism mean?
Having beliefs that most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable
What does divisive mean?
Causing divisions and hositility between people
Why was there also a rise in anti-Semitic incidents at this time?
Partly linked to the Israel-Palestine conflict
Arguments that support the idea that immigrants have brought benefits to the UK
> migrants have come to the country and become successful Malala, Mo Farah
contribute to the economy by paying taxes
immigrants have often done low skilled, low paying jobs eg hospital cleaning, farming are a benefit to Britain
more migration means a more diverse British community which means more tolerance
aging community so younger people need to pay taxes to pay for the pensions of the older people
Arguments that support the idea that immigrants have brough problems to the UK
> migrants who are willing to work for less create tension
pressure on housing, resources, NHS, schools
can sometimes bring attitudes towards women which the UK aren’t used to eg FGM, honour killings
