19. The heart and lungs Flashcards
What does the body need apart from nutrients?
Oxygen
What 2 parts can the circulatory system be divided into?
・The body circuit
・The pulmonary circuit
What takes blood away from the heart to the lungs?
The pulmonary artery
What brings blood back to the heart from the lungs?
The pulmonary veins
What does the right atrium receive from the body?
Deoxygenated blood
What does the right ventricle pump to the lungs?
Deoxygenated blood
The pulmonary circuit is:
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung, pulmonary vein, left atrium
What receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
The left atrium
What pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body (except the lungs)?
The left ventricle
The body circuit pathway is:
left ventricle, aorta, whole body, vena cava, right atrium
What is another word for oxygenated blood?
Arterial blood
Where does arterial blood pass through?
Through the arteries in the body
What is another word for deoxygenated blood?
Venous blood
Where does Venous blood pass through?
Through the veins in the body
Why is venous blood a dark red in colour?
Because it contains a lot of carbon dioxide
Why is arterial blood bright red?
Because the haemoglobin turns bright red when oxygen binds to it
What is cellular respiration also known as?
Internal respiration
What does cellular/internal respiration do?
It converts sugars (glucose and starch) into usable energy (ATP) in order to power the body
What is required for cellular/internal respiration?
Oxygen
What is produced as waste in cellular/internal respiration?
Carbon dioxide & water
sugar + oxygen =?
energy + carbon dioxide + water
What are the lungs?
A place where gaseous exchange takes place in humans
What happens when we breathe in?
Oxygen in the air is taken into our bodies
What happens when we breathe out?
Carbon dioxide from our bodies is released into the air
What is external respiration?
Carbon dioxide from our bodies being released into the air when we breathe out
Where does the air which enters the nose or mouth pass through?
Trachea and into the lungs
What does the trachea branch into?
Bronchi, then bronchioles
bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called ＿ where gas exchange takes place
Alveoli
What is each alveoli covered in?
a network of capillaries
What picks up oxygen after its diffused from the alveoli into the blood?
Haemoglobin
Where is carbon dioxide dissolved in?
The plasma
What does the oxygen do?
It diffuses out of the blood and into the lungs to be exhaled
What muscle is used to breathe?
The diaphragm
