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Science 2 > 16. The digestive system > Flashcards

16. The digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

We eat because our cells need what?

A

Nutrients, materials

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2
Q

What are the most important parts of food?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

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3
Q

What does dietry fiber come from?

A

Cell walls of plant cells

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4
Q

What does dietry fiber do? Is it digestible?

A

It is not digestible, but it helps the process

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5
Q

What is the order of the nutrients that we should take in? (Most to least)

A

Carbohydrates, fruit&veggies, dairy, meat&fish, fat&sweets

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6
Q

What kinds of foods is carbohydrates found in?

A

Rice, bread, potatoes

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7
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made from, and what do those elements form?

A

Made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Form glucose

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8
Q

What is carbohydrates used for?

A

As a source of fast energy

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9
Q

In what foods can you find lipid?

A

Salmon, avocado, olive oil

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10
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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11
Q

What do lipids include? Are they healthy?

A

Includes things like fats and oils, and too much is bad

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12
Q

What important roles do lipids play?

A

*structure & functioning

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13
Q

What type of energy source does lipids provide?

A

Long-term energy source

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14
Q

Lipids help with maintains temperature. What is this called?

A

Cushioning & insulation

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15
Q

What kind of foods are proteins found in?

A

Meat, fish, and eggs

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16
Q

What elements are proteins made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and others

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17
Q

What do proteins make up in living organisms?

A

Muscle

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18
Q

Proteins from long, complicated structured from what?

A

From chains of amino acids

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19
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food so nutrients can be absorbed

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20
Q

What 2 stages can digestion be divided into?

A

Mechanical & Chemical

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21
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physically reducing the size of food through grinding and movement (chewing)

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22
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemically breaking down food into small molecules through digestive juices

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23
Q

State the order in which food is digested (Alimentary canal)

A

Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectrum, anus

24
Q

What are some herbivore animals?

A

Zebra, rabbit, iguanodon

25
Q

What type of front teeth do herbivores have?

A

Incisors (sharp front teeth)

26
Q

What are incisors best for?

A

Cutting plants

27
Q

What type of back teeth do herbivores have?

A

Molars

28
Q

What are molars best for?

A

Grinding grass

29
Q

What are some carnivore animals?

A

Lion, fox, t-Rex

30
Q

What type of teeth do carnivores have?

A

Sharp front and back teeth

31
Q

What are carnivores teeth most suitable for?

A

*Biting and holding onto prey
*crushing bones to make them easier to swallow

32
Q

What is the oesophagus also known as?

A

food pipe

33
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

A muscular tube connecting the mouth & stomach

34
Q

How does the oesophagus move food?

A

In a gentle squeezing motion (peristalsis)

35
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

It churns food and digestive juices together

36
Q

What does the churning motion accelerate?

A

It accelerates digestion

37
Q

What environment is the stomach?

A

Highly acidic (ph1-2)

38
Q

What does the stoma ch’s environment help with?

A

Killing bacteria and other harmful substances

39
Q

What does the small intestine connect?

A

Connects the stomach with the large intestine

40
Q

The small intestine consists of 3 parts: what are they?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

41
Q

What is the small intestine’s main functions?

A

・finish digesting food
・absorb the broken-down nutrients into the body

42
Q

What is the name of the inner wall of the small intestines covered in small projections?

A

Villi

43
Q

What does villi do?

A

they greatly increase the surface area of the intestine

44
Q

What do villi contain?

A

Many blood vessels to absorb nutrients into the body

45
Q

What stage of digestion does the large intestine perform?

A

The final stage

46
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

absorbs water from broken down food, leaving waste material

47
Q

The waste (faeces) is stored where before being discharged through the anus?

A

The rectum

48
Q

How many hours does it take for the food to eat to leave as faeces?

A

24-72 hours

49
Q

How long is the whole human digestive tract?

A

9 metres

50
Q

What food is nutritious and easy to digest?

A

Meat

51
Q

What food contains fewer nutrients and is harder to digest?

A

Plant-based food

52
Q

What do you need to do when intaking plant-based food?

A

Take large quantities of it

53
Q

What type of digestive tracts do herbivores have?

A

Longer digestive tracts and helpful gut bacteria

54
Q

What type of teeth do carnivores have?

A

Canine, Pre-molars

55
Q

What are canines suitable for?

A

Tearing meat

56
Q

What are pre-molars suitable for?

A

Crushing bones

Science 2 (4 decks)

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