17. Digestive Enzymes Flashcards
What is chemical digestion?
It is breaking down food using digestive juices
What is the action of chemical digestion performed by?
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
・Small pieces of protein that can help a reaction in the body to happen
Are enzymes used to make or break molecules?
Both
Can enzymes work many times or do they get used up?
They work many times and do not get used up
What system do enzymes work on?
A lock and key system
What kind of molecule are enzymes made to fit with?
Only ONE kind of molecule
What is the one kind of molecule called?
A substrate
Can one enzyme work for all substrates?
No
How are substrates named? (With examples)
For the molecules they work on (lipase-lipids, maltase-maltose)
What is the name of the first kind of digestive juice produced by the mouth?
saliva
Where does saliva come from?
salivary glands
What type of enzyme does saliva contain?
Amylase
What is the function of amylase?
Turns starch into maltose
What is the function of gastric juice?
the strong acidity kills bacteria and other harmful organisms, but also helps with digestion
What 2 things form gastric juice?
Hydrochloric acid + pepsin
What is pepsin?
A type of enzyme which breaks proteins down into groups of amino acids called peptides
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine called?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
What does the duodenum connect to?
it connects to the gall bladder and the pancreas
How long is the duodenum?
30cm
What two things does the duodenum connect?
Stomach & Intestine
What does the gall bladder produce?
Bile
What is bile?
It’s alkaline
What does bile do?
・Neutralises stomach acid
・Emulsifies (breaks down) fat
Why does bile emulify fat?
So that it can mix with water and other digestive enzymes
What 4 types of enzymes does pancreatic fluid contain?
Amylase, Maltase, Trypsin, Lipase
What does maltase do?
Turns maltose into glucose
What does trypsin do?
Turns protein into peptides and amino acids
What does lipase do?
Turns fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides
Where is broken-down food absorbed into?
Villi
What do villi contain?
Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) & Lymphatic Vessels
What are capillaries and lymphatic vessels sent through the body?
through the circulatory and lymphatic systems
Where do glucose and amino acids go to?
The liver
What is glucose turned into?
Glycogen
Where is glycogen stored in?
Liver and muscles (for energy)
What is protein used for?
To make muscle or enzymes throughout the body
Where does the fat enter?
Lymphatic system then the heart
Enzymes work again and again to do what?
To change substrates, but enzymes themselves don’t change
In which temperature does enzymes work best at?
Optimal temperature
Why do enzymes work best in optimal temperature?
If the temperature is too high, their shape changes and they can’t work anymore
What do you call the state of enzymes when they can’t work anymore due to high temperature?
They have denatured
Where can trypsin be found in?
Pancreatic fluid
