17. Digestive Enzymes

Question 1

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 1

It is breaking down food using digestive juices

Question 2

What is the action of chemical digestion performed by?

Answer 2

Enzymes

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

・Small pieces of protein that can help a reaction in the body to happen

Question 4

Are enzymes used to make or break molecules?

Answer 4

Both

Question 5

Can enzymes work many times or do they get used up?

Answer 5

They work many times and do not get used up

Question 6

What system do enzymes work on?

Answer 6

A lock and key system

Question 7

What kind of molecule are enzymes made to fit with?

Answer 7

Only ONE kind of molecule

Question 8

What is the one kind of molecule called?

Answer 8

A substrate

Question 9

Can one enzyme work for all substrates?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

How are substrates named? (With examples)

Answer 10

For the molecules they work on (lipase-lipids, maltase-maltose)

Question 11

What is the name of the first kind of digestive juice produced by the mouth?

Answer 11

saliva

Question 12

Where does saliva come from?

Answer 12

salivary glands

Question 13

What type of enzyme does saliva contain?

Answer 13

Amylase

Question 14

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 14

Turns starch into maltose

Question 15

What is the function of gastric juice?

Answer 15

the strong acidity kills bacteria and other harmful organisms, but also helps with digestion

Question 16

What 2 things form gastric juice?

Answer 16

Hydrochloric acid + pepsin

Question 17

What is pepsin?

Answer 17

A type of enzyme which breaks proteins down into groups of amino acids called peptides

Question 18

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine called?

Answer 18

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 19

What does the duodenum connect to?

Answer 19

it connects to the gall bladder and the pancreas

Question 20

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 20

30cm

Question 21

What two things does the duodenum connect?

Answer 21

Stomach & Intestine

Question 22

What does the gall bladder produce?

Answer 22

Bile

Question 23

What is bile?

Answer 23

It’s alkaline

Question 24

What does bile do?

Answer 24

・Neutralises stomach acid
・Emulsifies (breaks down) fat

Question 25

Why does bile emulify fat?

Answer 25

So that it can mix with water and other digestive enzymes

Question 26

What 4 types of enzymes does pancreatic fluid contain?

Answer 26

Amylase, Maltase, Trypsin, Lipase

Question 27

What does maltase do?

Answer 27

Turns maltose into glucose

Question 28

What does trypsin do?

Answer 28

Turns protein into peptides and amino acids

Question 29

What does lipase do?

Answer 29

Turns fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 30

Where is broken-down food absorbed into?

Answer 30

Villi

Question 31

What do villi contain?

Answer 31

Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) & Lymphatic Vessels

Question 32

What are capillaries and lymphatic vessels sent through the body?

Answer 32

through the circulatory and lymphatic systems

Question 33

Where do glucose and amino acids go to?

Answer 33

The liver

Question 34

What is glucose turned into?

Answer 34

Glycogen

Question 35

Where is glycogen stored in?

Answer 35

Liver and muscles (for energy)

Question 36

What is protein used for?

Answer 36

To make muscle or enzymes throughout the body

Question 37

Where does the fat enter?

Answer 37

Lymphatic system then the heart

Question 38

Enzymes work again and again to do what?

Answer 38

To change substrates, but enzymes themselves don’t change

Question 39

In which temperature does enzymes work best at?

Answer 39

Optimal temperature

Question 40

Why do enzymes work best in optimal temperature?

Answer 40

If the temperature is too high, their shape changes and they can’t work anymore

Question 41

What do you call the state of enzymes when they can’t work anymore due to high temperature?

Answer 41

They have denatured

Question 42

Where can trypsin be found in?

Answer 42

Pancreatic fluid