19. Nitrogen compounds

Question 1

recall the reactions by which amines can be produced:

Answer 1

(a) reaction of a halogenoalkane with NH₃ in ethanol heated under pressure

Question 2

recall the reactions by which nitriles can be produced:

Answer 2

(a) reaction of a halogenoalkane with KCN in ethanol and heat

Question 3

recall the reactions by which hydroxynitriles can be produced:

Answer 3

(a) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN, KCN as catalyst, and heat

Question 4

describe the hydrolysis of nitriles

Answer 4

hydrolysis of nitriles with dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification to produce a carboxylic acid