19. Group 5 Tutorial learning points Flashcards
What are the signs of hypercapnia?
Tachycardia Bounding pulse Peripheral Vasodilation Hand flap Papilloedema Confusion Coma
How do gout crystals compare to pseudogout crystals after joint aspiration
Gout- urate crystals. Needle shaped, positively birefring
Pseudogout- Calcium phosphate crystals, rhomboid shape, positively bifringent
How will a septic joint appear after aspiration
No crystals
Purulent joint
Raised white cell on microscopy
Positive culture findings (positive gram stain)
How do you treat acute gout?
NSAID- 1st line
Colchine- 1st line
Steroids- 2nd line
Remove triggers
How do you treat gout long term
Allopurinol (prevents uric acid synthesis)
How do you treat pseudogout
Intra articular injection of steroids
NSAIDS not as effective in pseudogout
Tamoxifen is an oestrogen receptor antagonist used to treat breast cancer.
Which malignancy is associated with tamoxifen use?
Endometrial cancer. It will act as an oestrogen antagonist in breast tissues, however in other sites such as the endometrium it may act as an agonist
What are the components of the risk malignancy index for ovarian cancer?
CA125,
menopausal status,
USS findings
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcnioma
What condition is associated with ankylosing spondylosis
Anterior vietis
Why does Ramipril cause an AKI?
It is an ace inhibitor that can lead to renal hypoperfusion due to hypotension
How do you treat an acute dystonic reaction?
Procyclidine
