19 - Functions + Ageing of periodontium

Question 1

Formative function

Answer 1

• PDL are continuously modelling + remodelling
• This is supported by fibroblasts, macrophages + undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Question 2

Supportive function

Answer 2

• PDL attaches tooth root to alveoli + maintain it throughout life
• Any mistake in this function = tooth loss
• Provides complex tooth movements during chewing acts + protects tissues from chewing forces

Question 3

Sensory function

Answer 3

• Abundant PDL receptors capture pressure ⇢ nerves send signals to brain
• Informs chewing apparatus of determining strength + mode of chewing
• Signals sent to maxillary joint + chewing muscles
• This is how chewing action is controlled

Question 4

Nutritive function

Answer 4

• Blood supply provides PDL w/necessary products to perform their functions
• It nourishes its structures, the cement, the surface of alveolar bone
• It feeds on cellular elements

Question 5

Aids tooth movement

Answer 5

• When forces exerted onto tooth ⇢ ligaments are under pressure + blood vessels are compressed
• Causes interruption of some of the, + insufficient nutrient of plot
• Cells shrink + ischemia occurs
• Tissue becomes transparent + hyalinized
• Longer acting pressure ⇢ results in loss of osteoclasts + alveolar bone
• Creates space where tooth root can move + new blood vessels sprout

Question 6

Protective

Answer 6

• Protects its elements + fibres as well as cement + alveolar bone from overload
• Protects entire periodontium from invading external elements + agents through saliva + MOs
• Protection is accomplished with function of each element in periodontal space

Question 7

Recovery

Answer 7

• Healing function
• Done via contacting cells w/surrounding intercellular fluid
• Fibroblasts + newly formed fibres = emergency brigade of periodontium w/damaged fibres
• They repair in situ + also protect cement + alveolar bone from damage