19 Finishes Flashcards
Paper and Board Finishing
Lamination:
Via encapsulation
Via surface coating
Lamination via encapsulation - desktop laminator and sheet of paper encapsulated by a polymer pouch or film roll
Via surface coating - liquid Lamination for signage or film lamination (menu cards)
Paper and Board Finishing
Embossing
Debossing
Embossing - Makes raised design. Visual and tactile effect (greeting cards, choc boxes)
Debossing - Imprinted depression on surface
Paper and Board Finishing
Varnishing :
UV varnish
Spot varnishing
Foil blocking
varnish is clear ink used on precoated papers and boards to enhance colour + protect against dirt, fingerprint & water
UV varnish - smooth finish, high gloss or matt, abrasion + chemical resistant
Applied via rollers then UV cures it
Spot varnishing - applied in specific areas
Foil blocking:
Heat and pressure applied to metallic paper (basically foil) to create areas of depth and texture to add aesthetic impact.
Paper and board printing processes
What can be put on a product via printing
KW substrate
Screen printing Where can this be used and why What does screen printing process need ? 2 things Dis Scale of manufacture?
Colours, images, text= aesthetic appeal
also info eg barcodes, safety warning, ingredients = communicate to consumer
Substrate - material onto which the ink is applied
Screen printing
Can be done in workshop due to low cost basic screen and inks
Screen has open areas for ink to pass through
Different screen needed for different colour
Slow process, high cost per p.
Used for small print runs eg poster displays t shirts
Paper printing processes
Flexography
Which 3 processes use the 4 colour process
How are different colours made with this
What is a key requirement of the ink to ensure proper printing
Adv of its cost and why
What is it used for
ADV - speed, type of runs, substrates, cost, maintenance
DIS - cost, amount of substrate, time
Flexo, offset Flexo and digital printing use a four colour process: CMYK cyan magenta yellow and key(black)
4 colours printed on top of eachother in various amounts to print colour required
Colours must allign to ensure non blurry image
Simple process, least expensive due to fast drying water based ink
Used for newspapers, comics, cartons, labels, carrier bags and continuous pattern p. like wallpaper and gift wrap
Adv: High speed Suited for long runs Prints on wide variety of materials Low cost of equipment and maintenance
DIS:
Cost of printing plates high (but lasts millions of runs)
Takes large amount of substrate to set up
Time consuming to change print content
Paper and board printing process
Offset lithography Adv Explain what can be printed and how many rollers needed What kind of runs is it used for Give eg of p.'s
ADV - quality, volume, ease, life
DIS - cost
Extremely versatile
Can do 1 colour (1 roller ) OR
Can do 5 colours - CMYK plus metallic colour on 5 roller machine OR
10 feature machine - CMYK, metallic, varnishing, spot varnishing, duplex (both sides printed) on 10 roller machine
Used for medium or long print runs
Books, business forms, documentation, magazines, poster, packaging
ADV:
High quality images
Suited for higher volume prints
Quick and easy production of printing plates
Long life of printing plates (as it touches printing blankets which is softer and less abrasive than substrate)
DIS
Expensive set up and running cost for small quantities
Paper printing process
Digital printing
ADV of speed, quality, print runs
What is it used for (give 3) and why is it good for it
Digital printing
Widely used due to speed and efficiency
Produce full colour, highly detailed, with option of different design on each page.
Can be used for low and high volume runs
Very popular for promoting businesses such as business flyers or business cards
It’s good for mass customisation, eg printing if specific names on cans, due to use of fast drying inks like in flexography
Polymer finishing
Self finishing
Overmouldings
What is it. What type of polymer used
2 ADV of it
Two injection moulding moulds:
Twin shot injection moulding
It is a second polymer mould over a specific party if a product
TPE often used
It can provide grip or texture (think of 2018paper
It can highlight colour
Two injection moulding moulds - one mould for product and 1 for grip areas
P. Injection moulded then placed into second mould where overmoulding polymer is injection moulded
Twin shot injection moulding - very fast continuous cycle, produce p. In 1 cycle
Has 2 separate cavities, can be rotated 180° so it lines up with twin injection point
1st - main p. part made in first mould cavity
Then mould opens slightly and rotates 180° to secondary position
Mould closes and 2nd injection applies the overmould
Polymer finishing
Acrylic spray paint
Adv of application and properties
What industry is it used in
Why is it better than pigmenting for cars
It is a fast drying, water soluble paint that becomes water resistant when dry
Improves aesthetic and can provide
protection against UV and weathering
Used for mass customisation, eg car industry, colour code bumpers and mirrors
These items could be pigmented but it’s impractical, not cost effective, and manufacturer to keep changing granule to produce small number of differently coloured components
Polymer finishing
Adding pigments:
When can it be added (for normal products and for GRP)
Pigments provide colour
Can be added during manufacture of product or polymer stock form
Smart pigments can be added
Pigments can also be added to gel date when laying up GRP
Wood finishing
Purpose: 3
How wood degrades: what causes each of them
Wet rot
Dry rot
Insect attack
Before applying finish what must be done? 2 things
Prevent it from absorbing moisture
Protect against decay, insect attack
Enhance appearance
Wet rot - alternating wetness and dryness means moisture absorbed. Leads to breaking down of wood fibres, fungus spread, wood becomes soft crumbly
Dry rot - fast spreading fungus does this, makes wood into dry, soft, powdery state
Insect attack - beetles attack it by laying eggs in cracks. Hatched larvae eat into wood.
Before applying:
Wood must be planed or sanded (progressively in direction of grain)
Remove all dust
Wood finish
(Polyurethane or acrylic) varnish
4 property
What is it available in
Water based paints:
AI
what done before applying (2 more things)
Acrylic varnish:
Hard tough, heatproof, WATERPROOF finish
Clear finish allows grains of woods to be seen
AI gloss satin Matt clear or colours
Apply thin coat with brush in direction of grain
Water based paint:
Provide protection & colour. Indoor & outdoor use. Mainly used on softwoods
Makes it aesthetically pleasing, tougher , harder, resistant to moisture
Gloss, satin matt, metallic
Applied with brush, roller or spray
Should be primed
Wood knots should be treated with knotting solution to stop resin oozing out
Wood finishes
Stains:
Stains do not ….?
How do they enhance
Colour wash:
How does it enhance appearance
Stains:
Help colour + enhance grain
Makes it look more expensive
Do not protect
AI many colours & types
Applied with brush, roller, spray
Surface should be grease free b4 applying
Colour wash:
Help colour the wood, make it more aesthetically pleasing, add vintage style & allows grain to show more
AI many colours
Applied with wet sponge
Wood finishes
Wax:
What allows it to make a higher gloss finish
What does it increase in properties
What type of p.
Yatch varnish:
What type of p. Is it used for
Wax:
Can be buffed = high gloss finish
Increases hardness and toughness
Clear finish shows grain more
AI clear & coloured for indoor p.
Applied with brush or stockinet cloth, then buffed with clean lint free cloth
Yatch varnish:
Suitable for woods outside all year round eg door, window frame, boat parts
AI high gloss or satin
Applied with brush or sprayed
Wood finishes
Danish oil:
Does it enhance properties?
How is it applied. 4 step process
Teak oil:
What type of p. is it used for and why
Danish oil:
Maintains natural appearance of timber, enhances grain.
Not hard-wearing, but subsequent coats can make it Matt, water resistant
AI clear and colour tints
Apply by rubbing lint free cloth in direction of grain, let it absorb 5 min, rub away excess
Lightly sand to open up grain between coats
Teak oil:
Used for outdoor p. to improve weather, insect attack and fungus resistance
Grain enhanced
AI clear tint
Same application as Danish oil
