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Histology Exam 3 > 19-Female Reproductive 1 > Flashcards

19-Female Reproductive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

internal genitalia in females includes

A 
ovary
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina
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2
Q

external genitalia of female includes

A

labia majora
labia minora
clitoris

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3
Q

accessory gland of female reproduction

A

mammary glands

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4
Q

5 functions of female reproduction system are..

A
  1. production of gametes
  2. reception of male gametes (sperm)
  3. provision of suitable environment for fertilization and development of fetus
  4. provision of a mechanism for explosion of the fetus at birth
  5. nutrition of the newborn
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5
Q

what type of gland is the ovary?

A

exocrine and endocrine

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6
Q

endocrine function of the ovary

A

female hormones: estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

exocrine function of ovary

A

female gamete (ovum)

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8
Q

gross anatomy of the ovary

A

almond shaped on either side of the uterus

has indistinct medulla and cortex

has a hilus where BV and nn enter and exit

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9
Q

germinal epithelium of ovary

A

simple cuboidal epithelium that covers the outer surface

DOES NOT PRODUCE GERM CELLS THOUGH

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10
Q

tunica albuginea of ovary

A

dense fibrous CT layer deep to germinal epithelium in ovary

similar to capsule

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11
Q

cortex of the ovary

A

deep to surface layers

formed by ovarian follicles embedding in compact cellular stroma

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12
Q

ovarian follicles

A

each has an immature oocyte (ovum)

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13
Q

how many oocytes present at birth

A

600,000-800,000

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14
Q

what stage are the oocytes arrested at, at birth?

A

in prophase of the first meiotic division

called primary oocytes

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15
Q

menarche

A

onset of menstrual cycles during puberty

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16
Q

how many ovarian follicles mature in a woman’s lifetime?

A

400-480

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17
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation

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18
Q

types of follicles present in mature ovary

A

primordial
growing
Graafian (mature )

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19
Q

primordial (unilaminar) follicle

A

resting state

has not been hormonally stimulated

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20
Q

most of the follicles in the ovary are…

A

primordial

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21
Q

where are primordial follicles found

A

in the cortex under the tunica albuginea

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22
Q

what forms the primordial follicle?

A

centrally located primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of follicular cells

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23
Q

primary oocyte

A

30mu in diameter

has round open faced nucleus with prominent nucleolus

surrounded by abundant cytoplasm

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24
Q

follicular cells in primordial follicle

A

flattened epithelia cells lying on basal lamina

basal lamina surrounds the periphery of follicle between follicular cells and ovarian stromal cells

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25
fate of primordial follicles after puberty
small groups (cohorts) begin the process of follicular growth
26
growing follicle
primary follicle developed from hormonally stimulated primordial follicle
27
primary oocyte size in growing follicle
enlarges to 50-80mu diameter
28
follicular cells in growing follicle
cuboidal and proliferate | now called granulosa cells
29
preantral (multilaminar primary follicle)
in growing follicles granulosa cells (previously called follicular cells) form 2+ layers around oocyte
30
stratum granulosum
combined layers of granulosa cells in growing follicle around oocyte
31
zona pellucida
(in growing follicle) homogenous refractile layer appears between oocyte and stratum granulosum derived from oocyte
32
what makes up the zone pellucida
glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins
33
theca folliculi
in growing follicle streams cells immediately surrounding the follicle in a concentric sheath separated from stratum granulosum by distinct basement
34
antral follicle
later stage of development moves deeper into the cortex of ovary when the antrum appears
35
stratum granulosum in antral follicle
reaches 6-12 layers fluid filled spaces develop between adjacent granulosa cells
36
liquor folliculi
fluid in the spaces between adjacent granulosa cells in antral follicle
37
follicular antrum or antral cavity
spaces between granulosa cells coalesce to form this layer
38
size of primary oocyte in antral follicle
125mu in diameter
39
size of follicle in antral follicle
.2mm in diameter at the beginning of secondary follicle stage grow up to diamtere of 10mm or more due to proliferation of granulosa cells
40
what happens to primary oocyte once antrum is formed
assume eccentric position in the follicle
41
corona radiata
single layer of stratum granulosum cells in antral follicle immediately surrounds the oocyte
42
what type of connection links corona radiata and oocyte?
gap junctions
43
cumulus oophorus
"cloud of the egg" oocyte + corona radiate make a mound on one side of the antral cavity
44
what layers is the theca follicle divided into?
theca interna | theca externa
45
theca interna
(antral follicle) inner vascular layer secreting estrogen precursors
46
theca externa
(antral follicle) outer CT-SM layer adjacent to stroma
47
mature (Graafian) follicle
extremely large secondary follicle final stage of follicular development prior to ovulation
48
when are mature follicles seen?
10-14 days after the start of the cycle
49
how big is the follicle in the mature follicle
10mm or more
50
what happens to cumulus oophorus in mature follicle?
loosens from the rest of the cells of stratum granulosum so oocyte floats in liquor follicli in antrum
51
when is the first meiotic division completed?
just prior to ovulation | yields a secondary oocyte and the first polar body
52
when is second meiotic division completed?
at fertilization | produces mature ovum and second polar body
53
follicular atresia
a follicle can degenerate at any stage of maturation looks like: clear hyaline membrane between stratum granulosum and theca follicli called glassy membrane
54
ovulation
process of releasing the oocyte from ovarian follicle
55
how long is the menstrual cycle?
28 days usually- (usually one 1 follicle reaches maturation during each cycle)
56
changes that happen to follicle immediate prior to ovulation
1. follicular fluid increases- increases pressure 2. weakening of follicular wall due to protein lysis 3. stratum granulosum, theca folliculi, and tunica albuginea thin out 4. surface epithelium over the follicle becomes avascular 5. secondary oocyte is released into oviduct once follicle ruptures 6. remnants of follicular wall form corpus luteum
57
macula pellucida (stigma)
translucent spot at the site of follicular rupture
58
how long is the secondary oocyte viable?
24 hours
59
corpus luteum
follicular walls collapse and form a folded structure aka the corpus luteum (luteal gland) remaining stratum granulosum cells increase in size and fill with lipid highly vascularized
60
granulosa lutein cells
once remaining stratum granulosum cells fill with lipid
61
what happens to theca internal cells after ovulation?
turn into theca lutein cells- found at periphery of corpus luteum
62
what does the corpus luteum secrete?
endocrine gland | secretes estrogen and progesterone
63
what happens to corpus luteum if no fertilization?
remains active for about 14 days and then degenerates it involutes the cells are related by white scar tissue- becomes corpus albicans
64
what happens to corpus luteum if fertilization?
increases in size and is active for first 4-5 months of pregnancy
65
what is in the ovarian medulla?
contains LCT, BV, nerves
66
phases of menstrual cycle
follicular phase | luteal phase
67
follicular phase of menstrual cycle
related to the growth of follicle up to ovulation | maturing follicle will secret estrogen
68
luteal phase of menstrual cycle
follows ovulation and continues up until the start of menstruation corpus luteum secrets estrogen and progesterone
69
oviducts
paired uterine tubes | 10-12 cm long attached to superior aspect of the uterus
70
segments of oviducts
infundibulum with fimbriae ampulla isthmus intramural portion
71
functions of oviducts
1. transmission of oocyte from ovary to uterus | 2. provision of an environment for fertilization and nutrition of zygote
72
what layers make up the oviduct?
outer serosa middle muscularis inner mucosa
73
outer serosa of oviduct
contains mesothelium and thin layer of CT
74
middle muscularis of oviduct
2 layers of SM: | inner circular layer that is well developed and thin outer longitudinal layer
75
inner mucosa of oviduct
formed by simple columnar epithelium resting on CT lamina propr.
76
plicae of inner mucosa of oviduct
most elaborate in infundibulum and decrease in size closer to uterus project into the lumen
77
simple columnar epithelium in inner mucosa of oviduct
low columnar cells with cilia that beat in direction of uterus also has high columnar cells (peg cells) that provide nutrition to ovum epithelium hypertrophies during follicular phase and atrophies during luteal phase
78
sequence of events in oviduct during and after ovulation
1. fimbriae of infundibulum become apposed to the surface of the ovary 2. ciliated cells sweep oocyte into oviduct 3. ooctye is transported through oviduct by peristalsis and cilia movement 4. fertilization occurs in ampulla near area of isthmus 5. fertizied oocyte passes into uterus on day 4.5 after ovulation and begins implantation

Histology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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