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Histology Exam 3 > 19-Female Reproductive 1 > Flashcards

19-Female Reproductive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

internal genitalia in females includes

A 
ovary
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina
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2
Q

external genitalia of female includes

A

labia majora
labia minora
clitoris

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3
Q

accessory gland of female reproduction

A

mammary glands

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4
Q

5 functions of female reproduction system are..

A
  1. production of gametes
  2. reception of male gametes (sperm)
  3. provision of suitable environment for fertilization and development of fetus
  4. provision of a mechanism for explosion of the fetus at birth
  5. nutrition of the newborn
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5
Q

what type of gland is the ovary?

A

exocrine and endocrine

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6
Q

endocrine function of the ovary

A

female hormones: estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

exocrine function of ovary

A

female gamete (ovum)

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8
Q

gross anatomy of the ovary

A

almond shaped on either side of the uterus

has indistinct medulla and cortex

has a hilus where BV and nn enter and exit

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9
Q

germinal epithelium of ovary

A

simple cuboidal epithelium that covers the outer surface

DOES NOT PRODUCE GERM CELLS THOUGH

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10
Q

tunica albuginea of ovary

A

dense fibrous CT layer deep to germinal epithelium in ovary

similar to capsule

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11
Q

cortex of the ovary

A

deep to surface layers

formed by ovarian follicles embedding in compact cellular stroma

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12
Q

ovarian follicles

A

each has an immature oocyte (ovum)

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13
Q

how many oocytes present at birth

A

600,000-800,000

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14
Q

what stage are the oocytes arrested at, at birth?

A

in prophase of the first meiotic division

called primary oocytes

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15
Q

menarche

A

onset of menstrual cycles during puberty

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16
Q

how many ovarian follicles mature in a woman’s lifetime?

A

400-480

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17
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation

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18
Q

types of follicles present in mature ovary

A

primordial
growing
Graafian (mature )

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19
Q

primordial (unilaminar) follicle

A

resting state

has not been hormonally stimulated

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20
Q

most of the follicles in the ovary are…

A

primordial

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21
Q

where are primordial follicles found

A

in the cortex under the tunica albuginea

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22
Q

what forms the primordial follicle?

A

centrally located primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of follicular cells

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23
Q

primary oocyte

A

30mu in diameter

has round open faced nucleus with prominent nucleolus

surrounded by abundant cytoplasm

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24
Q

follicular cells in primordial follicle

A

flattened epithelia cells lying on basal lamina

basal lamina surrounds the periphery of follicle between follicular cells and ovarian stromal cells

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25
Q

fate of primordial follicles after puberty

A

small groups (cohorts) begin the process of follicular growth

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26
Q

growing follicle

A

primary follicle developed from hormonally stimulated primordial follicle

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27
Q

primary oocyte size in growing follicle

A

enlarges to 50-80mu diameter

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28
Q

follicular cells in growing follicle

A

cuboidal and proliferate

now called granulosa cells

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29
Q

preantral (multilaminar primary follicle)

A

in growing follicles

granulosa cells (previously called follicular cells) form 2+ layers around oocyte

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30
Q

stratum granulosum

A

combined layers of granulosa cells in growing follicle around oocyte

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31
Q

zona pellucida

A

(in growing follicle)
homogenous refractile layer appears between oocyte and stratum granulosum

derived from oocyte

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32
Q

what makes up the zone pellucida

A

glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins

33
Q

theca folliculi

A

in growing follicle

streams cells immediately surrounding the follicle in a concentric sheath

separated from stratum granulosum by distinct basement

34
Q

antral follicle

A

later stage of development
moves deeper into the cortex of ovary
when the antrum appears

35
Q

stratum granulosum in antral follicle

A

reaches 6-12 layers

fluid filled spaces develop between adjacent granulosa cells

36
Q

liquor folliculi

A

fluid in the spaces between adjacent granulosa cells in antral follicle

37
Q

follicular antrum or antral cavity

A

spaces between granulosa cells coalesce to form this layer

38
Q

size of primary oocyte in antral follicle

A

125mu in diameter

39
Q

size of follicle in antral follicle

A

.2mm in diameter at the beginning of secondary follicle stage

grow up to diamtere of 10mm or more due to proliferation of granulosa cells

40
Q

what happens to primary oocyte once antrum is formed

A

assume eccentric position in the follicle

41
Q

corona radiata

A

single layer of stratum granulosum cells in antral follicle

immediately surrounds the oocyte

42
Q

what type of connection links corona radiata and oocyte?

A

gap junctions

43
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

“cloud of the egg”

oocyte + corona radiate make a mound on one side of the antral cavity

44
Q

what layers is the theca follicle divided into?

A

theca interna

theca externa

45
Q

theca interna

A

(antral follicle)

inner vascular layer secreting estrogen precursors

46
Q

theca externa

A

(antral follicle)

outer CT-SM layer adjacent to stroma

47
Q

mature (Graafian) follicle

A

extremely large secondary follicle

final stage of follicular development prior to ovulation

48
Q

when are mature follicles seen?

A

10-14 days after the start of the cycle

49
Q

how big is the follicle in the mature follicle

A

10mm or more

50
Q

what happens to cumulus oophorus in mature follicle?

A

loosens from the rest of the cells of stratum granulosum so oocyte floats in liquor follicli in antrum

51
Q

when is the first meiotic division completed?

A

just prior to ovulation

yields a secondary oocyte and the first polar body

52
Q

when is second meiotic division completed?

A

at fertilization

produces mature ovum and second polar body

53
Q

follicular atresia

A

a follicle can degenerate at any stage of maturation

looks like: clear hyaline membrane between stratum granulosum and theca follicli called glassy membrane

54
Q

ovulation

A

process of releasing the oocyte from ovarian follicle

55
Q

how long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days usually- (usually one 1 follicle reaches maturation during each cycle)

56
Q

changes that happen to follicle immediate prior to ovulation

A
  1. follicular fluid increases- increases pressure
  2. weakening of follicular wall due to protein lysis
  3. stratum granulosum, theca folliculi, and tunica albuginea thin out
  4. surface epithelium over the follicle becomes avascular
  5. secondary oocyte is released into oviduct once follicle ruptures
  6. remnants of follicular wall form corpus luteum
57
Q

macula pellucida (stigma)

A

translucent spot at the site of follicular rupture

58
Q

how long is the secondary oocyte viable?

A

24 hours

59
Q

corpus luteum

A

follicular walls collapse and form a folded structure aka the corpus luteum (luteal gland)

remaining stratum granulosum cells increase in size and fill with lipid

highly vascularized

60
Q

granulosa lutein cells

A

once remaining stratum granulosum cells fill with lipid

61
Q

what happens to theca internal cells after ovulation?

A

turn into theca lutein cells- found at periphery of corpus luteum

62
Q

what does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

endocrine gland

secretes estrogen and progesterone

63
Q

what happens to corpus luteum if no fertilization?

A

remains active for about 14 days and then degenerates

it involutes the cells are related by white scar tissue- becomes corpus albicans

64
Q

what happens to corpus luteum if fertilization?

A

increases in size and is active for first 4-5 months of pregnancy

65
Q

what is in the ovarian medulla?

A

contains LCT, BV, nerves

66
Q

phases of menstrual cycle

A

follicular phase

luteal phase

67
Q

follicular phase of menstrual cycle

A

related to the growth of follicle up to ovulation

maturing follicle will secret estrogen

68
Q

luteal phase of menstrual cycle

A

follows ovulation and continues up until the start of menstruation
corpus luteum secrets estrogen and progesterone

69
Q

oviducts

A

paired uterine tubes

10-12 cm long attached to superior aspect of the uterus

70
Q

segments of oviducts

A

infundibulum with fimbriae
ampulla
isthmus
intramural portion

71
Q

functions of oviducts

A
  1. transmission of oocyte from ovary to uterus

2. provision of an environment for fertilization and nutrition of zygote

72
Q

what layers make up the oviduct?

A

outer serosa
middle muscularis
inner mucosa

73
Q

outer serosa of oviduct

A

contains mesothelium and thin layer of CT

74
Q

middle muscularis of oviduct

A

2 layers of SM:

inner circular layer that is well developed and thin outer longitudinal layer

75
Q

inner mucosa of oviduct

A

formed by simple columnar epithelium resting on CT lamina propr.

76
Q

plicae of inner mucosa of oviduct

A

most elaborate in infundibulum and decrease in size closer to uterus

project into the lumen

77
Q

simple columnar epithelium in inner mucosa of oviduct

A

low columnar cells with cilia that beat in direction of uterus

also has high columnar cells (peg cells) that provide nutrition to ovum

epithelium hypertrophies during follicular phase and atrophies during luteal phase

78
Q

sequence of events in oviduct during and after ovulation

A
  1. fimbriae of infundibulum become apposed to the surface of the ovary
  2. ciliated cells sweep oocyte into oviduct
  3. ooctye is transported through oviduct by peristalsis and cilia movement
  4. fertilization occurs in ampulla near area of isthmus
  5. fertizied oocyte passes into uterus on day 4.5 after ovulation and begins implantation

Histology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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