19 - CROSS CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

What are cultural memes?

Answer 1

Richard Dawkins - themes that develop organically

Question 2

What does culture encompass?

Answer 2

Knowledge, customs, beliefs, art, law, traditions, morals and memes

Question 3

How did farming help to develop cultural differences in the East and the West?

Answer 3

In the West, individual farms allowed farmers to support their families (individualism).
In the East, irrigation was difficult, which meant people had to work together to feed their communities (collectivism).

Question 4

How did philosophy help to develop cultural differences between the East and the West?

Answer 4

In the West philosophers looked at components. In the East philosophers looked at the whole.

Question 5

What are WEIRD people?

Answer 5

Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic

Question 6

According to Arnett (2008) how many times more likely are undergraduates to be participants in psychology experiments than other people?

Answer 6

4000 times

Question 7

What are the 6 universal human emotions according to Ekman and Friesen (1975)?

Answer 7

Anger, disgust, fear, sad, surprise, and happy

Question 8

According to Segel (1966) why were there cultural differences in illusion perception?

Answer 8

Exposure to elements like carpentered corners led to cultural differences in illusion perception

Question 9

What is the most commonly observed and valued attachment style in Germany?

Answer 9

Avoidant attachment style

Question 10

What did Davidoff and co find about colour categorisation?

Answer 10

Colour corresponds to colour terms of the speaker’s language. Equally spaced colours are judged unequally by speakers of different languages.

Question 11

What type of spatial references do English speakers typically use? As compared with most languages?

Answer 11

Egocentric

Question 12

How do we start life? Allocentric or egocentric?

Answer 12

Allocentric, move towards egocentric

Question 13

What have Nisbett and co proposed regarding thinking styles in the East and West?

Answer 13

West is analytical whereas East is holistic

Question 14

What is analytical thinking defined by?

Answer 14

Focus on salient objects and organisation of environment according to categorical rules

Question 15

What is holistic thinking defined by?

Answer 15

Interest in contextual information and the use of perceptual similarities when organising the world