16 - SELF CONCEPT AND GENDER IDENTITY Flashcards
What are self-concepts like in early childhood? (3-5 years)
Concrete physical, observable characteristics.
What are self-concepts like in middle childhood? (5-9 years)
Shift towards internal traits. Qualifiers at upper age e.g. often, sometimes…
What are self-concepts like in adolescence?
Traits are unified into abstract descriptors e.g. talented. Generalisations can be contradictory due to social pressures to behave differently in different situations.
Is there any awareness of the self in early infancy?
NO
What is the I-Self? (William James, 1890)
The I-Self is a sense of self as knower and actor.
What is the Me-Self? (William James, 1890)
The Me-Self is sense of self as an object of knowledge and evaluation.
When do theorists argue that the I-Self starts to develop?
When we can see our own actions cause objects and people to react in predictable ways
Do attachment styles have any impact on I-Self development?
Yes, children with secure attachment style have better I-Self development
What does the Rouge Test show?
The development of the Me-Self.
At what ages does the rouge test show differences?
<12 months: no Me-Self
>15 months: Me-Self apparent
Do attachment styles have any impact on Me-Self development?
Yes, children with a secure attachment style develop a more complex me-self earlier
At what age does the categorical self develop?
Around 18-30 months. E.g. gender category
What is self-esteem made up of according to Susan Harter?
13. Academic performance, Social competence, Behavioural conduct, Physical/athletic competence, and Physical appearance.
Why are young children very positive about themselves?
Young children are very positive about themselves because they find it difficult to distinguish between the actual and ideal self,
What can be used to measure self-esteem in children?
Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter)
