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patho test 2 > 19 > Flashcards

19 Flashcards

1
Q

Bi cupis is…

A

Mitra valve

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2
Q

Myocardium-

Endocardium-

A

Myocardium – heart muscle
Epi means on top

Endocardium- blood tocuhes it

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3
Q

Visceral – covers the

A

organ

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4
Q

Double-layered serous membrane redudes

A

friction

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5
Q

Epi means

A

on top

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6
Q

Pericarditis – inflammory of the

A

parietal pericaridium usally happens after a virus and PT witll complain of Fatigue Acute

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7
Q

Acute - triad of symptoms

A

Chest pain
friction rub
ECG changes

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8
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in pericardial cavity

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9
Q

Tamponade

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

30-50ml in sac is normal
Tamponade - increased pressure r/t fluid in pericardial sac so dec cardiac output
Pulsus Paradoxus - exaggerated decrease in systolic BP

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10
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Fibrous scar tissue
Reduced diastolic As are not filling
Reduced cardiac output

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11
Q

Coronary Circulation

A 
Left Main
       Anterior descending
        Circumflex
Right main
    SA node-PACEMAKER*
    Posterior descending
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12
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Fixed
  • Unstable
A

-Atherosclerosis - most common cause of CHD,Vessel hardening
hyperchoseral

  • Fixed - stable - plaques - chronic ischemia-thick
  • Unstable –thin- vulnerable - platelet adhesion-marathon perff health runner fall death
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13
Q

Acute Coronary Heart Disease

A

Unstable Angina / Non-ST-MI
ST Segmental Elevation - AMI – acute heart attack

Can case tissue death

Infactrion – O too low to suply mussle so die

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14
Q

Diagnostic Signs of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

A 
ElectroCaridoGram changes
T-wave inversion
ST-segment elevation
Abnormal Q wave
Serum marker changes- mark MI
Troponin assays 
CK-MB
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15
Q

ST elevation explain

A

Fluid cant go through tissue cuz of cell death STMI

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16
Q

Positive QT

A

Taking longer to travel thro tissue death problem

Positive Q wave

17
Q

Infarction

A
  • tissue death
18
Q

ST-elevation MI (AMI)

A

-Infarction - tissue death
-severe crushing pain, radiating into Left arm
Immediate complications: death r/t arrhythmias
-Recovery complications: heart failure, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis-inflamation and -Dressler’s syndrome, thromboemboli, heart rupture
-Pathologic changes depends on extent of infarct

19
Q

Unstable Angina / Non-ST-MI

A 
Syndrome of ischemia between angina and MI 
Difference is severity
Pain severity – less but last longer
Tissue damage is evident
ECG changes possible as ST depression

Non-ST-MI, ECG Look normal

ST depression

20
Q

Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

A

Ischemia - blood flow insufficient to meet need
Stable angina - chronic
Angina pectoris (choke) (chest)
Variant angina - Prinzmetal’s - vasospastic - occurs at rest
Silent ischemia - no anginal pain
__AnGINa- choking in chest to feel pain

Vasospastic Can go into arrhythmia Might have fatigue during the day

Silent ischemia - no anginal pain, might lead to silent MI more in women with diabetes

21
Q

Cardiomyopathies –

A

unknown origin
*Dilated - progressive ventricular thinning r/t hypertrophy of both ventricles and all four chambers are affected – infections, etoh, and 20% familial

PT has fatigue , can be from infection, alcohol

22
Q

Acquired Cardiomyopathy

A

Myocarditis - Inflammation of the heart muscle

!Viral! etiology – Coxsackie, AIDs
Sx – asymptomatic, flu like or death
Prognosis – resolves in 1-2 months
Peripartum cardiomyopathy- prego! New mother might not recognize – cause Heart Failure

23
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Bacterial infection of heart valves
Risk factors: valve replacements, prosthetics, IV drug users
Sx: fever, petechial hemorrhages

24
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Bacteria - group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
immune mediated multisystem inflammatory reaction
Occurs in children
Type 3 A+A complex

-Rheumatic Heart Disease
Antigen + antibody mediated
group A beta hemolytic streptococcus – causes strep throat
Have hypersensitivity

25
Q

Valvular Disease
Stenosis
Incompetence

A

Stenosis - narrowing
Incompetence(not doing job) – regurgitant
Decrease CO fatigue

26
Q

Mitral Valve Disorders

Mitral Valve Stenosis
MV Regurgitation
MV Prolapse

A

Mitral Valve Stenosis(narrow) - L atria distends with L vent impaired filling
MV Regurgitation - stroke volume divided between aorta and blood back into L atrium
MV Prolapse - floppy syndrome – leaflets enlarge and prolapse back into atria

27
Q

Aortic Valve Disorders

  • AV Regurgitation
  • AV Stenosis
A

AV Stenosis - asymptomatic unless <25% fx

AV Regurgitation - blood flow backwards into L ventricle - adequate Cardio Output until late in disease

28
Q

Congenital Heart Disorders
Shunting and Cyanosis

LtoR
RtoL

A

Shunting and Cyanosis
arterialLEFT to venousRIGHT (left to right) - oxygenated
venous to arterial(right to left) - unoxygenated
Left=Arterial
Right=Venous

Shun – directing blood in the wrong way

R to left shunt is not getting o to the lungs

patho test 2 (6 decks)

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