18LP Pilots Environment Flashcards
What instruments are affected by the pitot static system
Airspeed, altimeter, vertical speed indicator
What are the two major parts of the pitot static system
The Peto tube with impact pressure chambers and lines,
static air vents with static pressure chambers and lines
Static air vents are the source of _______pressure
External atmospheric
What instruments are affected if the static air vents are blocked
All three Peto static system instruments: altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator
Pressure is sensed by a _______ in the altimeter and converted to an altitude
Aneroid wafer, barometer
What does the altimeter indicate
Height above sea level when set to the local altimeter setting
The altimeter setting of 29.92 is always used for flights at _____
And above 18,000 feet MSL
When flying from higher pressure to lower pressure the altimeter will read___.
A higher altitude than the actual altitude
When flying from lower pressure to higher pressure the altimeter will read_____.
A lower altitude than actual altitude
VSI measures what
The rate of climb or discent in hundreds of feet per minute
The VSI gives immediate indication of changes in _______and utilizes _____pressure only
Altitude and static pressure
On the airspeed indicator, what do these colors mean?
White arc, green arc, yellow arc, red line
White- flap operating range
Green- normal operating range
Yellow- caution range
Red line- never exceed speed
What is the only instrument that uses the pitot tube for information
The airspeed indicator
What is the difference in indicated airspeed and true airspeed?
IAS- read directly from airspeed indicator
TAS-airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure
What airspeed is used for flight plans that are being filed
True airspeed
True airspeed and indicated airspeed are approximately _______at sea level
Equal
Indicated airspeed becomes _____ then true airspeed as altitude increases
Less
What is the only self contained direction seeking instrument in an aircraft
The magnetic compass
This is mounted behind the glass of the instrument that can be used for a reference line when aligning the headings on the Compass card
Lubber line
What type of Compass error is this?
Angular difference between true North and direction indicated by the magnetic compass
Variation
What type of Compass error is this?
Magnetic compass error caused by electromagnetic interference with in the aircraft
Deviation
What are two types of Compass errors
Variation and deviation
What flight instruments use a gyroscope for their operation
Turn coordinator,
heading indicator (directional gyro),
attitude indicator
In some aircraft the gyros are _______, ____ or _____operated
Vacuum, pressure, electrically
What instruments would be affected if the vacuum pump failed
Heading indicator, attitude indicator
What are the two fundamental properties of a gyroscope
Rigidity in space and Percision
A body at rest will remain at rest; or if in motion in a straight line it will continue in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force. What law is this
Newtons first law of motion
What is newtons first law of motion?
A body at rest will remain at rest
All flight instruments using the gyroscope property rely on _____ for their operation
Rigidity
What is the second property of a gyroscope
Percision
A turn coordinator is what 2 instruments combined into one
Rate of turn indicator and inclinometer
What instrument in a turn coordinator uses a gyroscopic principal for its operation
Rate of turn indicator
The inclinometer of the turn coordinator indicates the coordination of
The aileron and rudder
A standard rate of turn is _____degrees per second and the aircraft should complete a 360 in ______
3
2 min
The ball on a inclinometer indicates whether the airplane is in coordinated flight or a _____ _____
Slip or skid
The heading indicator is also referred to as
Directional Gyro DG
This is a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass
Heading indicator/DG
Is a heading indicator affected by the forces that make a magnetic compass difficult to interpret?
It is not affected
Because of ______caused chiefly by friction, the heading indicator creeps or drifts from a heading
Precession
The heading indicator is not a direction seeking instrument, however the ____ is
Magnetic compass
What may be obtained from the attitude indicator
Degrees of bank
What is the most realistic flight instrument on the instrument panel
The attitude indicator
Name the instruments that are used by the pilot to determine position, Course, and distance traveled
7
Automatic direction finder ADF VOR instrument, instrument landing system ILS receiving equipment, radio magnetic indicator RMI horizontal situation indicator HSI, distance measuring equipment DME, global positioning system GPS
The automatic direction finder is used to navigate using _______
Nondirectional radio beacons NDBs
What presents information to indicate bearing to or from the station
The VOR receiver
This instrument consist of an Omni bearing selector OBS, course deviation indicator needle, to- from indicator, and navigation frequency tuner
VOR instrument
What is a radial and a reciprocal on a VOR instrument
Radial- magnetic course from the station
Reciprocal- magnetic course to the station
ILS receiving equipment is used to do what
Make an ILS approach
The red localizer and glideslope warning flags appear when ________ to actuate the needles
Insufficient voltage is received
Also appear when an unstable signal or receiver malfunction occurs
The radio magnetic indicator RMI is designed to receive what
Both VOR and NDB signals
The RMI consist of what three things
Rotating compass card,
double barred bearing indicator
single barred bearing indicator
The RMI can be set up to indicate either bearing to ____ or to ____
Waypoint or VORTAC
HSI
Horizontal situation indicator
The horizontal situation indicator is a combination of what three instruments
Heading indicator, VOR/LOC indicator, glideslope indicator
The DME is used in conjunction with the VOR system to show the pilot the exact distance from that_____.
VOR
The DME transmit a ________signal which is received by the DME ______antenna at the ground facility.
Interrogating, transponder
This instrument provides accurate position, speed, precise time information on a continuous global basis, reported and latitude and longitude.
GPS
The VOR course deviation needle indicate the Aircrafts position in relation to the selected______.
Radial
The range displayed on the DME indicator is called _____range
Slant
The NAV/COM incorporates what two radios in one unit
Navigation and communications radios
Civilian transceivers operate in what frequency range?
VHF
Very high frequency
What is used to set beacon codes a signed by Atc?
The transponder
When a controller assigns a Beacon code to an aircraft he/she uses the word_____
Squawk
The_______ is the airborne portion of the secondary radar system
Transponder
True or false
A transponder is also required to operate in certain controlled air spaces
True
A transponder code consists of____ numbers, ranging from _____to_____
how many possible codes?
4 numbers,
0 to 7,
4096 possible codes.
What codes are assigned only to one aircraft for identification purposes?
Discrete codes
What squawk codes are used in aviation,
e.g.
7700 emergency, 1200 VFR
Non-discrete codes
What has to be set on the mode C for secondary radar to receive altitude information?
ALT on the aircraft mode C
This is a computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be pre-programmed and fed into the system by means of a data loader
Flight management system – FMS
The electronic flight instruments, are commonly referred to as
Glass cockpit
What includes all of these -Primary flight display, -navigation display – engine indicating and crew alerting system (EICAS) – multi function display (MFD) – primary flight display (PFD)
Flight management system – FMS
What replaces the attitude indicator, altimeter, radar altimeter, airspeed indicator, and glideslope indicator?
Primary flight display – PFD
The primary flight display – PFD – can be configured in what two configurations
Approach configuration, Cruise configuration
What configuration is this – PFD: – Localizer information – glideslope information – radar altitude, not usable above 1200 feet – altimeter – DME – decision altitude (DA)
Approach configuration
-only information unique to The approach phase of flight will be displayed
What configuration is this – PFD: – Pressure altitude – indicated airspeed Mach number – heading – Course
Cruise configuration
- only information you need to the en route phase of flight will be displayed
What instrument can be configured in either the full compass configuration or the segmented arc configuration?
The navigation display – ND
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system
TCAS
A self-contained, airborne collision avoidance system that is intended to provide a back up for the separation services provided by Atc
TCAS
Generates traffic advisories and resolution/collision avoidance advisories in the vertical plane…
TCAS I or TCAS II
TCAS II
Is TCAS and air traffic system?
No, but it is a system that directly affects Atc
On what aircraft is TCAS required?
Most commercial, and some general aviation aircraft
TCAS consist of what three functions?
Surveillance,
- collision avoidance system (CAS) algorithms,
- air to air coordination
What interrogators are on the same frequency as ground radar and receives replies from the same transponder used to reply to ground interrogations?
T CAS
The surveillance function on a TCAS provides information of an intruder’s Aircrafts:
(4 things)
– Range
– closure rate
– bearing
-altitude and vertical speed
TCAS has how many levels of alerting
2
Traffic advisories – TAs) – are issued about _________prior to the closest point of approach – CPA)
One of the two levels of alerting (TCAS)
45 seconds
Resolution advisories – (RA’s) are issued about______ prior to CPA
(TCAS II only)
One of two levels of alerting
30 seconds
When an aircraft under your control informed you that it is responding to a TCAS RA, what do you do?
Do not issue control instructions that are contrary to the RA
TCAS I =
TCAS II=
Traffic,
RA and traffic (2)
Only aircraft with an ________ will be identified by the TCAS system
Operational transponder
What occurs when the oxygen available to the body tissues is insufficient to meet their needs?
Hypoxia
What induces a feeling of well-being/euphoria that can prevent the pilot from recognizing it’s effects?
Hypoxia
Hypoxia – pilot performance can seriously deteriorate within ______minutes at _____feet
15 min
15,000
What can hypoxia result in?
Unconsciousness and death
What are the symptoms of – Slow reactions – impaired thinking – unusual fatigue – pilot sounds intoxicated and they reflect carefree, humorous attitude
Symptoms of hypoxia
If the pilot is showing symptoms of hypoxia, and has no oxygen system, suggest a dicsent below _____feet
10,000
What occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathe in and out by the lungs
Hyperventilation
What are the symptoms of?
– Dizziness
– nausea
– drowsiness
Hyperventilation
This is the loss of proper bearings: state of mental confusion as to position, location, or movement relative to the position of the earth.
Spatial disorientation/vertigo
What occurs when an aircraft returns to straight and level flight, but the pilot feels compelled to lean into an imaginary turn which is still sensed by the inner ear.?
Leans
This occurs when a pilot in a turn makes a sudden head movement.
Coriolis illusion
Components of a Pitot static system instruments:
Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator
self contained instruments:
Magnetic compass
Gyroscopic instruments:
Turn coordinator
– heading indicator
– attitude indicator
Radio/satellite instruments:
-ADF (NDB receiver)
-VOR
– ILS
– DME
– GPS
Combination instruments:
Radio magnetic indicator : – heading indicator – dual VOR/ADF display, horizontal situation indicator: – heading indicator – VOR or LOC indicator – glideslope indicator
