17Lp Radio And Satellite Nav Flashcards
Any electronic device, airborne or on the surface, which provides point to point guidance information or position data to aircraft in flight
Radio navigational aid
What are the eight radio, self contained, satellite navigation systems available for use
- Non-directional radio beacon-NDB
- very high frequency (VHF) omnidirectional range -VOR
- tactical air navigation-TACAN
- distance measuring equipment-DME,
- very high frequency omnidirectional range/tactical air navigation-VORTAC
- instrument landing system-ILS
- inertial navigation system-INS
- global navigation satellite system GNSS
NDB
Non-directional radio beacon
VOR
Very high frequency omnidirectional range
TACAN
Tactical air navigation
DME
Distance measuring equipment
VORTAC
Very high frequency omnidirectional range/tactical air navigation
ILS
Instrument landing system
INS
inertial navigation system
GNSS
Global navigation satellite system
A low-frequency/medium frequency or ultra high frequency radio beacon transmitting non-directional signals
Non-directional radio beacon, NDB
All radio beacons except the Compass locators, transmit continuous ________identification in ______ code except during voice transmissions
Three letter
Morse code
When a radio beacon is used in conjunction with the instrument landing system markers, it is called
Compass locator
Voice transmissions can be made on radio beacons unless the letter ____ is included in the class designator
W
HW
Radio begins are subject to disturbances that may result in errors such as ____, ______,___.
Lightning, precipitation, static
When do radio beacons become vulnerable to interference from distant stations
At night
How are all NDBs, except compass locators identified
Three letter identifier in Morse code
Ground-based electronic navigational aid transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360° in azimuth, oriented to magnetic north
VOR
What is the primary navigation facility for civil aviation in the Nas
VOR
What are the courses oriented from VOR stations called
Radials
VOR’s are subject to ______restrictions
Line of sight
What are the three classes of VORs power output
Terminal, low altitude, high-altitude
Where are VOR terminal routes used for navigation
In a terminal area around an airport
Where are low altitude VOR used for navigation
Generally used to navigate on airways,Victor and tango
Where are high-altitude VORs used to navigate
Used to navigate on all ATS routes
What are the altitude's and distances for VOR/VORTAC /TACAN NAVAIDs T L H H H H
T-12,000' and below / 25 L- below 18,000' / 40 H-below 14,500' / 40 H-14,500' up to but not including 18,000' /100 H-18,000' - FL450/ 130 H-above FL 450 / 100
The only ____ method of identifying a VOR is by its three letter Morse code identification
Positive
Accuracy of a course alignment of a VOR is excellent, generally plus or minus _____degree
1°
A VOR antenna transmission pattern is
Omni directional
A VOR station projects
360 usable magnetic radials
The different classes of VORs are
High, low, terminal
Ultra high-frequency electronic navigation aid which provides suitably equipped aircraft continuous indications of bearing and distance
TACAN
TACAN
Tactical air navigation
______ information is transmitted in the ultrahigh frequency band
TACAN
Bearing and distance
A TACAN station projects _____ usable_______ ______
360 usable magnetic radials
TACAN frequencies are in the______ band
UHF
TACANs are subject to ______restrictions
Line of sight
Equipment used to measure in nautical miles the slant range distance of an aircraft
DME
The difference between slant range and horizontal distance is greatest___________.
Near the NAVAID at high altitude
Aircraft using ______equipment will receive distance information from a _______ automatically
TACAN
VORTAC
To receive DME, a_______ equipped aircraft must have a_____ airborne unit
VOR
DME
DME
Distance measuring equipment
Do you mean distance is displayed______
As slant range distance
What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator?
Transponders
A navigational aid providing VOR aslzimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance measuring equipment (DME ) at one site
VORTAC
VORTAC
Very high frequency Omni directional range/tactical air navigation
What are the three individual services a VORTAC provides
VOR azimuth
TACAN azimuth
TACAN DME
Transmitted signals of a VOR and TACAN are each identified by _______transmission
Three letter Morse code
The frequency channels of the VOR and TACAN at each VORTAC facility are ____ to simplify airborne operation
Paired
What is designed to provide an approach path with both Course and altitude guidance, and exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on final approach
ILS
What are the three primary components of an ILS
Localizer, glideslope, marker beacons
This provides horizontal guidance along the extended centerline of the runway, left and right
Localizer
Provides vertical guidance along the descent path towards the runway touchdown point, up/down
Glideslope
This Gives range information along to approach path
Marker beacons
What are the supplementary components of an ILS
Approach lights, compass locator, DME
This assist in the transition from instrument to visual flight
Approach lights, ALS
This is a low power, low/medium frequency radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker
Compass locator
Can you operate more than one ILS system installed at each end of the runway at the same time
No
What does the localizer transmitter operate in
The VHF Band
That approach course of the localizer is called the
Front course
The localizer signal is transmitted from what end of the runway
The departure end
The Course line along the extended centerline of a runway, in the opposite direction to the front course is called
The back course
How was the localizer identification transmitted
In Morse code, three letter identifier preceded by the letter I
I-dia
Vertically or laterally?
A distance of 18 nautical miles from the antenna, between an altitude of 1000 feet above the highest terrain, 4500 feet above the elevation of the antenna site
Vertically
Vertically or laterally?
On course indications are provided
2 1/2° either side of the centerline, proper off course indications are provided throughout the following angular areas of the operational service volume:
-10° either side of the course along a radius of 18NM from the antenna
-10 to 35° either side of the course along a radius of 10 NM
-unreliable signals maybe received outside these areas, pilots will receive an indication on their instruments if signal is unreliable
Laterally
ILS approach ______ if Localizer is out of service
Not usable
Glideslope transmitter operates in what frequency
Ultrahigh frequency band
Glide slopes are paired with localizer frequencies via
Channelization
The ______is the portion of the glideslope that intersects the localizer
glidepath
Where is the glideslope transmitter located and from what end of the runway?
1000 feet from the approach end
Marker beacons have a rated power output of ____watts or less
3
Marker beacons dimensions are ____ feet above the antenna, approximately _____ feet in width and ________ft in length
1,000
2,400
4,200
Ordinarily, there are two marker begins associated with an ILS, what are they
Outer marker and middle marker
OM MM
Approach lighting system, some include ________ lights which appear to the pilot as a ball of light traveling towards the runway at high-speed
Sequenced flashing lights, rabbits
The inertial navigation system is a __________ navigation system
Totally self-contained
What is the INS comprised of
Inertial navigation system:
gyros, Accelerometers, navigation computer
True or false
the inertial navigation system requires information from external forces
False, it does not require information from external forces
INS accuracy is very high following initial alignment and_______ with time at the rate of about_______ per ____
Decreases, 1 to 2 nautical miles per hour
INS stands for
Inertial navigation system
Refers collectively to the worldwide positioning, navigation, and timing determination capability available from one or more satellite constellations in conjunction with a network of groundstations
(All of them as a whole)
Global navigation satellite system
GNSS
Satellite based radio navigation system
GPS
A minimum of ____is always observable by a user anywhere on the earth
GPS
5
A minimum of _______satellites is necessary to establish an accurate ________
4
Three dimensional position
Who is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation and monitors them
DOD
Department of defense
How many systems are used in aviation to confirm and improve GPS accuracy?
What are they?
Three systems Wide area augmentation system, WAAS local area augmentation system, LAAS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring RAIM
What do these stand for
WAAS
LAAS
RAIM
Wide area augmentation system, local area augmentation system, receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
Provides enhanced integrity, accuracy, availability, and continuity over and above GPS SPS
WAAS, LAAS or RAIM
WAAS
Provides Percision navigation guidance for exact alignment and descent of aircraft on approach to a runway
WAAS LAAS or RAIM
LAAS
And aircraft-based, self-contained fault detection program, which can alert a user when questionable data has been received for my GPS satellite
WAAS LAAS or RAIM
RAIM
A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flightpath within the coverage of ground or space-based navigation
RNAV
RNAV stand for
Area navigation
Most RNAV systems include a ____computer
FMS
Flight management system
A predetermined geographical position used for Route/instrument approach definition, progress reports, published VFR routes, or visual reporting points that are define relative to a VORTAC station or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates
Waypoint
A series of waypoints make up a ____ route
RNAV
What is required by Atc for all IFR aircraft on all Random RNAV routes ( except in Alaska)
Radar monitoring
The term ATS route is a term that includes ______ routes
VOR federal airways (Victoria and tango)
Colored federal airways (Alaska)
Jet routes (J&Q)
RNAV routes (Q&Tango)
What are the three fixed route systems that are established for air navigation purposes
- Airways, class E airspace, Victor&Tango,
- jet route system, class A airspace J&Q
- RNAV routes, class A and E airspace TANGO&Q
Unless otherwise charted, the changeover point is ______ between NAVAIDS
Midway
VOR airways are established in what class airspace? High or low altitude charts?
E
Low altitude charts
VOR airways are defined by radials of
VORs
The VOR airway system consist of airways designated generally from ______ AGL, up to but not including ______
1200 feet AGL
18,000 feet MSL
VOR airways and jet routes are generally aligned in overlying manner to facilitate transition between ________
Class A and E Airspace
VOR airways are identified on charts by the letter _____followed by the routes_____
V
Identify number
VOR airways and jet routes
Odd numbered airways and even numbered airways generally run which direction
Odd - north-South
Even- east-west
The jet route system consist of routes Established from______
High or low altitude?
18,000 feet MSL to FL 450
High altitude charts
NAVAID limitations prohibit that establishment of jet routes above____
FL450
There are two types of published RNAV routes what are they
Q&Tango
How is an airway labeled if it is shared with two or more routes
It carries the number of all the airways that coincide for that segment
What is the upper limit of a low altitude VOR airway
Up to but not including 18000 MSL
The upper limit of the jet route structure is_____
Up to and including FL 450
