18.1 Glycolysis Flashcards
Where is energy held in glucose in plants?
Energy absorbed from sunlight is trapped in the C-H bonds of glucose
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20
Where does the energy to synthesise ATP by chemiosmosis come from?
Breaking of C-H bonds in glucose
What is the first stage of respiration?
Glycolysis
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What type of process is glycolysis? Why is it called this?
Anaerobic - requires no oxygen
What are the 4 steps of glycolysis?
Phosphorylation
Lysis
Phosphorylation
Dehydrogenation and formation of ATP
What happens during the first step of glycolysis, phosphorylation?
2 ATP added to glucose. 1 phosphate from each ATP is added to each end of glucose, forming hexose bisphosphate.
What happens during the second step of glycolysis, lysis?
Addition of 2 phosphates to glucose destabilises the molecule, causing it to split into 2 triose phosphate molecules
What happens during the third step of glycolysis, phosphorylation?
Phosphate group added to the other end of each TP molecule.
The phosphate comes from free inorganic phosphate ions present in cytoplasm.
What happens during the fourth step of glycolysis, dehydrogenation and formation of ATP?
The 2 TP molecules are oxidised by removal of H atoms, dehydrogenation.
Each TP loses 2 phosphates and 1 H
NAD coenzymes accept the removed H atoms to form reduced NAD.
How many ATP molecules are produced at the end of glycolysis?
4: 1 from each phosphate
2 TP molecules, each TP loses 2 phosphates
Why is glycolysis an example of substrate level phosphorylation?
ATP is produced without involvement of an electron transport chain.
What is the net yield of ATP produced from glycolysis?
2 ATP
