13.6 Organisation of the nervous system Flashcards
What are the 2 systems into which the mammalian nervous system is organised into?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the Central Nervous System made up of?
Consists of brain and spinal cord
What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of? What 2 types of neurones does this include and how do impulses travel through them?
Consists of all neurones that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
Includes: Sensory neurones which carry nerve impulses from receptors to CNS
- Motor neurones which carry nerve impulses away from CNS to effectors.
What are the 2 functional systems in which the nervous system is organised into?
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
What is the Somatic Nervous System? Give an example.
Conscious control - used when you voluntarily choose to do something.
Example:
When you move a muscle in your arm, the somatic nervous system carries impulses to the body’s muscle.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System? Give examples of its functions.
Works constantly; subconscious control.
Used when body does something automatically without you having to think about it; it’s involuntary.
Example:
Causes heart to beat.
Digests food.
Where do impulses travel in the somatic nervous system?
SNS carries impulses to body’s muscles
Where does the autonomic nervous system carry impulses?
ANS carries impulses to glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscles e.g. those in intestine walls
What 2 nervous systems is the autonomic nervous system divided into?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What response is generally produced by the sympathetic nervous system?
Activity is increased, e.g. increased BPM
What response is generally produced by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Activity is decreased, e.g. decreased BPM after exercise is finished
What response is produced in the salivary glands as a result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?
Sympathetic: Saliva production decreased
Parasympathetic: Saliva production increased
What response is produced in the lungs as a result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?
Sympathetic: Bronchial muscles relax
Parasympathetic: Bronchial muscles contract
What response is produced in the kidney as a result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?
Sympathetic: Decreased urine secretion
Parasympathetic: Increased urine secretion
What response is produced in the stomach as a result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?
Sympathetic: Peristalsis reduced
Parasympathetic: Gastric juice secretion
