1.8 The requirements for product design and developments Flashcards
Ergonomics
The scientific study of people and their working conditions
Anthropometrics
The use of scientific measurements of the body in the design and construction of products
Task analysis
The study of individual tasks performed by consumers to allow for successful product development
User centred design
The use of end the user throughout the design process, to ensure the developed product is focused on their actual needs and not the perceived needs determined by the designer
Inclusive design
Designing products for the maximum amount of users
Empathic Design
Using simulated conditions of the user to assist with the development of successful products (putting yourself in their shoes)
Initial concept generation
2D and 3D sketches used to gain feedback prior to investment in physical models
Visual appearance model
Used to demonstrate the aesthetic form and appearance of a design concept. One-off, not using the same equipment or materials as the final product
Working prototype
Used to test mechanism and technical principles. Adjusted with temporary fixings to finalise dimensions
Rapid prototyping
3D cad models printed in a wide range of materials which can be replicated and adjusted quickly in response to feedback from the client
Accuracy of production
Simple geometric forms increase the ease of manufacture, reducing complexity in machining and aid the ability to produce accurate repeating patterns. The level of dimensional accuracy must be in line with the facilities available. For example, CAD drawings can be accurate to 8 decimal places but the machinery might not be able to replicate this accuracy.
Use of symmetry and asymmetry in design
Symmetry can aid inclusivity for left and right handed users and provide additional visual balance. Asymmetry can add interest or focus the user on specific parts of the design.
Proportion and the golden ratio
Relationship of size between different elements of an object. Designers might use the golden ratio, which produced the most visually pleasing proportions to the human eye.
Symbols in design
The use of colour to represent emotions or information (e.g green for go or environmentally friendly)
Examples of guidelines for control interfaces
Easy to grip (reducing strain)
Not have to move unnecessarily to reach any control
The pressure required for the operation of controls must be considered and optimised for the user.
Varying colour, shapes and sizes of buttons
