18. Non-market valuation Flashcards
What are some key externalities in aquaculture?
Some key externalities in aquaculture include pollution, water quality, disease, climate change, interactions with capture fisheries, and the race for space as a common-pool resource.
Why is space in marine and estuarine environments considered a common-pool resource?
Space in marine and estuarine environments is considered a common-pool resource because it is non-excludable, anyone can enter and use the resource, there are no well-defined property rights or regulations, and the use of space for aquaculture precludes other uses.
What is the relationship between shrimp aquaculture and mangrove deforestation?
Shrimp aquaculture has led to the rapid conversion of mangroves, as they are favorable environments for extensive farming of warmwater shrimp. In recent decades, the expansion of intensive shrimp farming has led to significant mangrove deforestation, accounting for a large percentage of global mangrove loss.
What are some values of the mangrove ecosystem?
The mangrove ecosystem provides important ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, storm protection, juvenile fish habitat, and commercial near-shore fisheries, including shellfish and demersal fish.
How can the non-market value of ecosystem services be estimated?
The non-market value of ecosystem services can be estimated using non-market valuation methods such as the production function approach, expected damage function approach, hedonic pricing, travel cost method, choice experiments, replacement cost method, and avoided cost method.
What is the travel cost method?
The travel cost method is a revealed preference method used to evaluate the recreation value of a destination, such as a national park, by using travel costs and frequency/probability of visits.
What is the hedonic pricing method?
The hedonic pricing method is a revealed preference method used to estimate the influence of environmental goods or services on market prices, such as the value of nature on housing prices.
What is the choice experiment method?
The choice experiment method is a stated preference method where respondents choose one from hypothetical scenarios of a project, allowing researchers to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for a particular attribute.
What is the replacement cost method?
The replacement cost method is a non-market valuation method that estimates the cost of replacing a nonmarketable good or service, such as the cost of constructing artificial breakwaters to prevent erosion and storm damages.
What is the avoided cost method?
The avoided cost method is a non-market valuation method that estimates the cost of avoiding the negative consequences of a nonmarketable good or service, such as the cost of avoiding the health impacts of air pollution.
How can non-market valuation methods be used in cost-benefit analysis for aquaculture expansion?
Non-market valuation methods can be used in cost-benefit analysis for aquaculture expansion to estimate the value of nonmarketable goods and services, such as recreational activities, commercial fishing, and ecosystem services, and to compare them with the costs of aquaculture expansion.
What is the net present value (NPV) of benefits and costs?
The net present value (NPV) of benefits and costs is a measure used in cost-benefit analysis to estimate the present value of the benefits and costs of a project over a given period, typically ten years.
How can non-market valuation methods help inform land use policy decisions?
Non-market valuation methods can help inform land use policy decisions by estimating the economic value of nonmarketable goods and services, such as ecosystem services, and comparing them with the costs and benefits of different land use options. This can help policymakers make more informed decisions about land use, taking into account.
What are the key externalities in aquaculture?
Answer: Some key externalities in aquaculture include pollution, water quality, and escapes, as well as disease, climate change, interactions with capture fisheries, and the role of aquafeeds.
What is a common-pool resource?
A common-pool resource is a resource that is nonexcludable, meaning anyone can enter and use it, and it has no well-defined property rights or regulation. It is also rivalrous, meaning the use of the resource for aquaculture precludes other uses.
