1. Introd Flashcards
What is some of the feed for farmed fish that has increased the total production?
Increasingly coming from plants: soy, rapseed, wheat and more
Top 3 fish producers in total (2015-19)?
China (79,6), Indonesia (22,9), India (11,7) – million tonnes
What type of fish (fresh, dried, frozen etc.) has had the biggest increase, and dominate the market?
Fresh fish, chilled or frozen.
US tariffs on fish products?
Usually none, main exceptions protectionist (catfish from Vietnam, salmon from Norway)
China tariffs on fish products?
7% on most products
Japan tariffs on fish products?
1 – 10%
EU tariffs on fish products?
Usually 10 – 20% an going downwards. Low on raw material, high on processed products. Tariff free quotas for some countries
EU usual tariffs on salmon?
2% for fresh salmon, 12% for processed salmon
Top 5 importers of aquatic products?
China, Norway, Vietnam, India, Chile
- 100 largest seafood companies had a total revenue of ___ $US in 2017?
100 billion $ US
The total value of fish production in 2018?
400 billion $ US
How big is the share for the 100 largest seafood companies?
Less than ¼. Their revenues contain added value and products other than fish.
Five largest companies and revenue?
Marahu Nichiro (Japan) - 8 billion $US
Nippon Suisan Kaisha (Japan) – 6 billion billion $US
Dongwon Enterprise (South Korea)
Mowi (Norway) – 4.5 billion $US
Thai Union Group (Thailand) - 4 billion $US
Name some of the growing aquaculture production
Aquatic plants; seaweed
Crustaceans: shrimp and prawns
freshwater fish: carps, catfish, tilapias
Diadromous fish: salmon, trout, sturgeon
Marine fish: seabream, seabass, flounders (halibut)
Molluscs (clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, abalone)
Virtually all captured salmon are from what ocean?
The Pacific
How does the Norwegian companies work?
Large, vertically integrated companies with world wide operations
How has the price/cost of salmon production developed in Norway?
Salmon used to be expensive food. Made it possible to pay for high development costs. Prices fell due to larger volume, but costs fell even more, for a while
What does pelagic mean?
Relating to the open sea
- What is the feed fish issue?
Small pelagics like anchovy and sardine are turned into meal and oil. Should they be preserved feed for iconic animals (seals, birds)?
Is fish meal and oil a waste of food fish?
These fish are unsuitable for food because of taste, texture and problems of preservation.
Market prices take care of the problem of food versus feed
How has the salmons diet changed from 1990 to 2018?
It has become vegetarian. The majority was fish meals and fish oil. Now it is plants.
- About 75% of fish meal and oil now goes to fish feed, the rest mainly to poultry and pigs
What is a reason for the variation in fish stocks, unrelated to exploitation?
Enviromental reasons unrelated to exploitation.
Declining catches does not necessarily imply
Overexploitation
Give example of how much fees that is needed to produce 1 kg salmon in relation to market prices
- Take 1.3 kg dry feed to produce 1 kg salmon
- Takes 2-2 – 5kg of feed fish to produce 1 kg dry fees
- Hence it takes 3.9 – 6.5 kg feed fish to produce 1 kg salmon
The price of the feed fish can only be 15 – 25 % of the salmon price to make this profitable. Cost of meal production and salmon farming makes this even less.
Why can catches of fish fluctuate enormously? What kind of fish stocks is this?
- Vary due to environmental reasons unrelated to exploitation.
- Vary a lot: True in particular about pelagic stocks such as anchovy, sardine, herring and mackerel, but also demersal fish like cod, pollock and many others show very substantial variability.
- Declining catches do not necessarily imply overexploitation.
