1. Introd

Question 1

What is some of the feed for farmed fish that has increased the total production?

Answer 1

Increasingly coming from plants: soy, rapseed, wheat and more

Question 2

Top 3 fish producers in total (2015-19)?

Answer 2

China (79,6), Indonesia (22,9), India (11,7) – million tonnes

Question 3

What type of fish (fresh, dried, frozen etc.) has had the biggest increase, and dominate the market?

Answer 3

Fresh fish, chilled or frozen.

Question 4

US tariffs on fish products?

Answer 4

Usually none, main exceptions protectionist (catfish from Vietnam, salmon from Norway)

Question 5

China tariffs on fish products?

Answer 5

7% on most products

Question 6

Japan tariffs on fish products?

Answer 6

1 – 10%

Question 7

EU tariffs on fish products?

Answer 7

Usually 10 – 20% an going downwards. Low on raw material, high on processed products. Tariff free quotas for some countries

Question 8

EU usual tariffs on salmon?

Answer 8

2% for fresh salmon, 12% for processed salmon

Question 9

Top 5 importers of aquatic products?

Answer 9

China, Norway, Vietnam, India, Chile

Question 10

11. 100 largest seafood companies had a total revenue of ___ $US in 2017?

Answer 10

100 billion $ US

Question 11

The total value of fish production in 2018?

Answer 11

400 billion $ US

Question 12

How big is the share for the 100 largest seafood companies?

Answer 12

Less than ¼. Their revenues contain added value and products other than fish.

Question 13

Five largest companies and revenue?

Answer 13

Marahu Nichiro (Japan) - 8 billion $US
Nippon Suisan Kaisha (Japan) – 6 billion billion $US
Dongwon Enterprise (South Korea)
Mowi (Norway) – 4.5 billion $US
Thai Union Group (Thailand) - 4 billion $US

Question 14

Name some of the growing aquaculture production

Answer 14

Aquatic plants; seaweed
Crustaceans: shrimp and prawns
freshwater fish: carps, catfish, tilapias
Diadromous fish: salmon, trout, sturgeon
Marine fish: seabream, seabass, flounders (halibut)
Molluscs (clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, abalone)

Question 15

Virtually all captured salmon are from what ocean?

Answer 15

The Pacific

Question 16

How does the Norwegian companies work?

Answer 16

Large, vertically integrated companies with world wide operations

Question 17

How has the price/cost of salmon production developed in Norway?

Answer 17

Salmon used to be expensive food. Made it possible to pay for high development costs. Prices fell due to larger volume, but costs fell even more, for a while

Question 18

What does pelagic mean?

Answer 18

Relating to the open sea

Question 19

20. What is the feed fish issue?

Answer 19

Small pelagics like anchovy and sardine are turned into meal and oil. Should they be preserved feed for iconic animals (seals, birds)?

Question 20

Is fish meal and oil a waste of food fish?

Answer 20

These fish are unsuitable for food because of taste, texture and problems of preservation.

Market prices take care of the problem of food versus feed

Question 21

How has the salmons diet changed from 1990 to 2018?

Answer 21

It has become vegetarian. The majority was fish meals and fish oil. Now it is plants.

• About 75% of fish meal and oil now goes to fish feed, the rest mainly to poultry and pigs

Question 22

What is a reason for the variation in fish stocks, unrelated to exploitation?

Answer 22

Enviromental reasons unrelated to exploitation.

Question 23

Declining catches does not necessarily imply

Answer 23

Overexploitation

Question 24

Give example of how much fees that is needed to produce 1 kg salmon in relation to market prices

Answer 24

• Take 1.3 kg dry feed to produce 1 kg salmon
• Takes 2-2 – 5kg of feed fish to produce 1 kg dry fees
• Hence it takes 3.9 – 6.5 kg feed fish to produce 1 kg salmon
  The price of the feed fish can only be 15 – 25 % of the salmon price to make this profitable. Cost of meal production and salmon farming makes this even less.

Question 25

Why can catches of fish fluctuate enormously? What kind of fish stocks is this?

Answer 25

• Vary due to environmental reasons unrelated to exploitation.
• Vary a lot: True in particular about pelagic stocks such as anchovy, sardine, herring and mackerel, but also demersal fish like cod, pollock and many others show very substantial variability.
• Declining catches do not necessarily imply overexploitation.