15. Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Flashcards
What is the focus of traditional fisheries management?
Traditional fisheries management focuses on
* preventing overfishing,
* right allocation among user groups,
* increasing efficiency and net benefits from fisheries.
What are the limitations of single-species models in fisheries management?
Single-species considers only the the target of a fishery.
Misses out on
a) Bycatch
* All the sharks
b) Habitat Impacts
* Bottom trawling destroying habitat
c) Predators-prey relation
* complex and dynamic
d) ecological interactions
* E.g competition for food
What is ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM)?
A fisheries management approach that takes a broader account of the impacts of fishing in ecosystems.
• Goal:
a) Enviromental: sustainability
b) Economic (socioeconomic)
c) Knowledge
- Generate knowledge of ecosystem processes sufficient to understand the likely consequences of human actions
What is the objective of EBFM?
1) Sustainability: Sustainably manage fisheries
2) Interactions: Consider interactions between spieces and their environment, rather than focusing on individual ones
3) Balance: Balance ecological health with human needs
What are some examples of environmental and social impacts of fishing?
Environmental:
* bycatch
* habitat impacts
Social impacts:
* include loss of access and employment for communities dependent on fisheries.
What is the blue economy?
The blue economy refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystems.
What are the three pillars of sustainability in the blue economy?
The three pillars of sustainability in the blue economy are environmental, economic, and social.
What is the cost imposed by stock externality?
Stock externality : actions of one fisher negatively impacts others.
One increase effort, reduce the overall stock, other have to up the effort, so get increased unit harvest costs
What are the environmental impacts of fishing?
The environmental impacts of fishing include bycatch and habitat impacts.
What is the alternative theory proposed for the decline in the Stella Sea Lion population?
An alternative theory proposed for the decline in the Stella Sea Lion population is that fishing is altering the fish population, causing Stella Sea Lions to eat too much pollock and not enough herring, resulting in a “junk food” diet.
What is the issue with the totoaba fishery and the critically endangered Vaquita?
The issue with the totoaba fishery is that the gillnets used to catch totoaba also catch the critically endangered Vaquita. Since 2013, black market demand for the totoaba’s swim bladders has increased, leading to further depletion of the Vaquita population.
What is a forage fish?
Forage fish are small schooling species, such as sardines and anchovies, that play a critical role in sustaining a vibrant ocean by eating tiny plants and animals, and becoming an important food source for bigger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.
What’s the matter of Forage fish? What are their role in the ecosystem and for humans?
Forage fish, such as sardines and anchovies, are small schooling species that play a critical role in sustaining the ocean’s ecosystem. They are harvested for various uses, including bait, fertilizer, animal/fish feed, and human consumption, and sustainable management of forage fish is necessary to sustain the populations of their predators, such as cod, salmon, marine mammals, and seabirds.
What is the research question for EBFM in forage fish fisheries?
The research question for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) in forage fish fisheries is: What are the potential benefits for both the economy and the ecosystem when we decide on the rules for harvesting forage fish and their predators together?
What is EBFM?
EBFM stands for ecosystem-based fisheries management, which accounts for the biological and ecological connectivity of fisheries, including food-web interactions.
